MySQL Shell是MySQL服务器的统一脚本接口。它支持JavaScript和Python脚本。JavaScript是默认的处理模式。在大多数情况下，你需要一个账户来连接到本地的MySQL服务器实例。
启动MySQL Shell
安装并启动MySQL server后，将MySQL Shell连接到server实例。默认情况下，MySQL Shell使用X协议连接。
在运行server实例的系统上，打开一个终端窗口，并使用以下命令启动MySQL Shell：
mysqlsh name@localhost/world_x Creating a Session to 'root@localhost/world_x' Enter password: ****
您可能需要指定适当的路径。
另外:
.name表示MySQL帐户的用户名。
.MySQL Shell提示您输入密码。
.这个会话的默认模式是world_x数据库。
mysql-js>提示符表明此会话的活动语言是JavaScript。
[root@localhost ~]# mysqlsh root@localhost/world_x Please provide the password for 'root@localhost': ****** Save password for 'root@localhost'? [Y]es/[N]o/Ne[v]er (default No): N MySQL Shell 8.0.41 Copyright (c) 2016, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type '\help' or '\?' for help; '\quit' to exit. Creating a session to 'root@localhost/world_x' Fetching schema names for auto-completion... Press ^C to stop. Your MySQL connection id is 61 (X protocol) Server version: 5.7.26-log Source distribution Default schema `world_x` accessible through db. MySQL localhost:33060+ world_x JS >
当不带host参数运行mysqlsh时，MySQL Shell会尝试连接运行在localhost接口上的33060端口上的服务器实例。
MySQL Shell支持如下的输入行编辑：
.左箭头键和右箭头键在当前输入行内水平移动。
.向上箭头键和向下箭头键在先前输入的行集合中向上和向下移动。
.退格键删除光标之前的字符，输入新的字符将在光标位置输入。
.Enter输入当前输入行。
获取MySQL Shell的帮助
在命令解释器的提示符下输入mysqlsh –help以获取命令行选项列表。
[root@localhost ~]# mysqlsh --help
MySQL Shell 8.0.41
Copyright (c) 2016, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates.
Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.
Usage: mysqlsh [OPTIONS] [URI]
mysqlsh [OPTIONS] [URI] -f [
在MySQL Shell提示符下输入\help，查看可用命令及其描述。
MySQL localhost:33060+ world_x JS > \help The Shell Help is organized in categories and topics. To get help for a specific category or topic use: \?The argument should be the name of a category or a topic. The pattern is a filter to identify topics for which help is required, it can use the following wildcards: - ? matches any single character. - * matches any character sequence. The following are the main help categories: - AdminAPI The AdminAPI is an API that enables configuring and managing InnoDB Clusters, ReplicaSets, ClusterSets, among other things. - Shell Commands Provides details about the available built-in shell commands. - ShellAPI Contains information about the shell and util global objects as well as the mysql module that enables executing SQL on MySQL Servers. - SQL Syntax Entry point to retrieve syntax help on SQL statements. - X DevAPI Details the mysqlx module as well as the capabilities of the X DevAPI which enable working with MySQL as a Document Store The available topics include: - The dba global object and the classes available at the AdminAPI. - The mysqlx module and the classes available at the X DevAPI. - The mysql module and the global objects and classes available at the ShellAPI. - The functions and properties of the classes exposed by the APIs. - The available shell commands. - Any word that is part of an SQL statement. - Command Line - invoking built-in shell functions without entering interactive mode. SHELL COMMANDS The shell commands allow executing specific operations including updating the shell configuration. The following shell commands are available: - \ Start multi-line input when in SQL mode. - \connect (\c) Connects the shell to a MySQL server and assigns the global session. - \disconnect Disconnects the global session. - \edit (\e) Launch a system editor to edit a command to be executed. - \exit Exits the MySQL Shell, same as \quit. - \help (\?,\h) Prints help information about a specific topic. - \history View and edit command line history. - \js Switches to JavaScript processing mode. - \nopager Disables the current pager. - \nowarnings (\w) Don't show warnings after every statement. - \option Allows working with the available shell options. - \pager (\P) Sets the current pager. - \py Switches to Python processing mode. - \quit (\q) Exits the MySQL Shell. - \reconnect Reconnects the global session. - \rehash Refresh the autocompletion cache. - \show Executes the given report with provided options and arguments. - \source (\.) Loads and executes a script from a file. - \sql Executes SQL statement or switches to SQL processing mode when no statement is given. - \status (\s) Print information about the current global session. - \system (\!) Execute a system shell command. - \use (\u) Sets the active schema. - \warnings (\W) Show warnings after every statement. - \watch Executes the given report with provided options and arguments in a loop. GLOBAL OBJECTS The following modules and objects are ready for use when the shell starts: - db Used to work with database schema objects. - dba Used for InnoDB Cluster, ReplicaSet, and ClusterSet administration. - mysql Support for connecting to MySQL servers using the classic MySQL protocol. - mysqlx Used to work with X Protocol sessions using the MySQL X DevAPI. - os Gives access to functions which allow to interact with the operating system. - plugins Plugin to manage MySQL Shell plugins - session Represents the currently open MySQL session. - shell Gives access to general purpose functions and properties. - sys Gives access to system specific parameters. - util Global object that groups miscellaneous tools like upgrade checker and JSON import. For additional information on these global objects use:
请输入\help和命令名，获取MySQL Shell命令的详细帮助。例如，要查看\connect命令的帮助信息，输入：
MySQL localhost:33060+ world_x JS > \help \connect
NAME
\connect - Connects the shell to a MySQL server and assigns the global
session.
SYNTAX
\connect []
\c []
DESCRIPTION
TYPE is an optional parameter to specify the session type. Accepts the
following values:
- --mc, --mysql: create a classic MySQL protocol session (default port
3306)
- --mx, --mysqlx: create an X protocol session (default port 33060)
- --ssh : create an SSH tunnel to use as a gateway for db
connection. This requires that db port is specified in advance.
If TYPE is omitted, automatic protocol detection is done, unless the
protocol is given in the URI.
URI format is: [user[:password]@]hostname[:port] and SSHURI format is:
[user@]hostname[:port]
EXAMPLE
\connect --mx root@localhost
Creates a global session using the X protocol to the indicated URI.
MySQL localhost:33060+ world_x JS >
退出MySQL Shell
输入如下命令退出MySQL Shell：
MySQL localhost:33060+ world_x JS > \quit
