sql server – 但行好事 莫问前程 http://www.jydba.net Tue, 08 Oct 2024 07:22:55 +0000 zh-CN hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=4.9.10 sql server 2005 数据修改的内部原理 http://www.jydba.net/index.php/archives/2661 http://www.jydba.net/index.php/archives/2661#respond Wed, 29 May 2019 09:14:30 +0000 http://www.jydba.net/?p=2661 当插入新的记录到数据表中时,SQL Server必须决定在哪里插入记录。如果数据表没有聚集索引—也就是说,数据表还是堆表的话–新的记录总是插到表中任何有可用空间的地方。如果空间中没有可用的分页,SQL Server会尝试从已经分配给对象的现有的统一扩展中寻找未分配的分页。如果这样的分页也不存在,SQL Server就必须为数据表分配一个全新的扩展。

聚集索引根据新记录的聚集索引键列的值将插入导向到特定的分页。当新的记录是插入语句的直接结果或者是由“删除+插入”策略所执行的更新语句的结果时就会发生插入。SQL Server将新的记录插入到聚集索引中的合适位置,如果当前分页没有可用空间的话,会通过页拆分(page split)在分页中进行接合。如果不将聚集索引 声明为唯一性并插入具有重复键值的记录时,SQL Server会为所有后续的具有相同键值的记录自动生成一个唯一标识符(uniqueifier)。于是,SQL Server在内部将所有的聚集索引键都看作是唯一的。

页拆分(Splitting Pages)
SQL Server找到新的可用分页以后,原来的分页就要被拆分:行的一半留在原来的分页上,而另一半则被移到新的分页上。在某些情况下,由于变长字段的长度可能会变得远远大于分页上任何现有的记录,SQL Server会发现即使在页拆分以后仍然没有可用空间来存放新的记录。拆分后,一条或多条记录会被提升到父级分页中。如果只需要一次拆分,那么就提升一条记录。然而,如果在一次拆分后仍然无法容纳新的记录,那么就可能会潜在地产生多个新的分页并产生多次到父级分页的提升。举例来说,比如一个具有32行数据的分页。假设SQL Server尝试插入一条8000个字节长的新记录。SQL Server会对该分页进行一次拆分,但是无法丙容纳一条800个字节长的新记录。即使在第二次拆分后,仍然无法容纳新的记录。最终,SQL Server会意识到如果分页中有任何其他记录存在的话是无法容纳这条新记录的,因此它会分配一个新的分页来容纳这条唯一的新记录。于是,会发生几次页拆分,产生许多新的分页以及父级分页中的许多新的行。

SQL Server总是从根节点向下搜索索引树的,因此在插入操作的过程中,分页是在下层中进行的。这意味着当插入操作搜索索引的时候,需要将索引保护起来防止可能的更新操作。这种保护机制使用闩锁。当分页被读取或者被写入磁盘的时候,SQL Server会获取闩锁来保护分页内容的物理完整性。父节点(非叶节点)被闩锁锁住直到得知子节点拥有自己的闩锁来保护时为止。然后,父级的闩锁就可以安全地被释放掉了。

在父级节点上的闩锁被释放以前,SQL Server会判断分页是否能够容纳另两行数据。如果不能的话,就进行页拆分。最终目的是确保父级分页总是有足够的空间容纳记录或者由子分页拆分所得到的记录(有时候这会导致无需进行页拆分–至少尚未拆分。这将带来性能上的优化)。拆分的类型取决于被拆分分页的类型:索引的根分页,中间级的索引分页以及数据分页。

拆分索引的根分页
如果索引的根分页需要为插入一条新的索引也被拆分的话,SQL Server会为此索引分配两个新的分页。根分页中的所有记录在这两个新分页中被拆分,而新的索引行也被插入到这些分页之中的某个合适的位置。原来的根分页仍然是根,但是现在上面只有两条记录,指向新分配的两个分页。根的页拆分会在索引中创建一个新的级别。由于索引通常只有几层的深度,这种类型的拆分并不会经常发生。

拆分中间级索引分页
中间级索引分页的拆分是通过定位分页上索引键的中点,分配新的分页并将旧的索引分页中较低的一半复制到新的分页来实现的。同样地,尽管这比根分页的拆分要常见一些,但这种情况也并不会经常发生。

拆分数据分页
数据分页的拆分是最值得关注也是最可能发生的情况,并且这也可能是开发者唯一应该关注的拆分类型。数据分页的拆分只有在表上存在聚集索引且进行插入操作时才会发生。如果不存在聚集索引,SQL Server会根据PFS分页在任何可以容纳新记录的分页上完成插入。尽管只有插入行为才会引起拆分,但这种插入行为也可能是update语句产生的结果,而不仅仅针对insert语句。正如下面将要介绍的,如果行不能在原处被更新或者至少在同一个分页中被更新的话,更新操作实际上就被分解为先删除原始行再插入行的一个新版本。当然,插入新的记录还会造成页拆分。

拆分数据分页是一个复杂的操作。与拆分中间级索引分页非常类似的是,SQL Server也是通过定位分页上的索引键的中点,分配新的分页并将旧的索引分页中较低的一半复制到新的分页来实现的。这需要索引管理器决定在哪个分页上放置新的记录并且能够处理原业的旧分页和新分页都不能容纳的大的行记录。当数据分页被拆分时,聚集索引键值不会改变,因而非聚集索引也不会受到影响。

下面来看看当发生拆分时分页上的情况。下面的脚本新建了一个具有较大行记录的数据表bigrows—相当大,实际上一个分页上只能容纳五行数据。一旦表被创建并插入五行记录以后,我们可以通过如下步骤找到该表的第一个分页(在本例中也是唯一的分页):将dbcc ind的输出结果插入到sp_table_pages表中,寻找没有前一页的数据分页的信息然后使用dbcc page来查看分页的内容。由于没有必要查看分页上所有的8020个字节的数据,我们只需要查看分页末尾的行偏移数组并观察当插入第六条记录时分页上的情况。

/*首先创建数据表bigrows */
use adventureworks;
GO

drop table bigrows;
GO

create table bigrows
(
a int primary key,
b varchar(1600)
);
GO

/* 向表中插入五行数据 */
insert into bigrows values(5,replicate('a',1600));
insert into bigrows values(10,replicate('b',1600));
insert into bigrows values(15,replicate('c',1600));
insert into bigrows values(20,replicate('d',1600));
insert into bigrows values(25,replicate('e',1600));
GO

truncate table sp_table_pages;
insert into sp_table_pages exec('dbcc ind(adventureworks,bigrows,-1)');
select pagefid,pagepid from sp_table_pages where pagetype=1;

DBCC 执行完毕。如果 DBCC 输出了错误信息,请与系统管理员联系。

(2 行受影响)
pagefid pagepid
------- -----------
1 20996

(1 行受影响)

dbcc traceon(3604);
GO
dbcc page(adventureworks,1,20996,1);

DBCC 执行完毕。如果 DBCC 输出了错误信息,请与系统管理员联系。

PAGE: (1:20996)

BUFFER:

BUF @0x0000000083FD7F80

bpage = 0x00000000835FE000 bhash = 0x0000000000000000 bpageno = (1:20996)
bdbid = 6 breferences = 0 bUse1 = 686
bstat = 0xc0010b blog = 0x212121bb bnext = 0x0000000000000000

PAGE HEADER:

Page @0x00000000835FE000

m_pageId = (1:20996) m_headerVersion = 1 m_type = 1
m_typeFlagBits = 0x4 m_level = 0 m_flagBits = 0x8000
m_objId (AllocUnitId.idObj) = 346 m_indexId (AllocUnitId.idInd) = 256
Metadata: AllocUnitId = 72057594060603392
Metadata: PartitionId = 72057594054311936 Metadata: IndexId = 1
Metadata: ObjectId = 743673697 m_prevPage = (0:0) m_nextPage = (0:0)
pminlen = 8 m_slotCnt = 5 m_freeCnt = 11
m_freeData = 8171 m_reservedCnt = 0 m_lsn = (134:408:2)
m_xactReserved = 0 m_xdesId = (0:0) m_ghostRecCnt = 0
m_tornBits = 0

Allocation Status

GAM (1:2) = ALLOCATED SGAM (1:3) = ALLOCATED
PFS (1:16176) = 0x60 MIXED_EXT ALLOCATED 0_PCT_FULL DIFF (1:6) = CHANGED
ML (1:7) = NOT MIN_LOGGED

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Memory Dump @0x000000000E22C6AF

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0000000000000380: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000390: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000003A0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000003B0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000003C0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000003D0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000003E0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000003F0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000400: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000410: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000420: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000430: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000440: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000450: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000460: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000470: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000480: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000490: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000004A0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000004B0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000004C0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000004D0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000004E0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000004F0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000500: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
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00000000000005C0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000005D0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000005E0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000005F0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000600: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000610: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000620: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000630: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000640: 65656565 65656565 65656565 656565????eeeeeeeeeeeeeee

下面是从dbcc page输出结果中得到的行偏移数组:

OFFSET TABLE:

Row - Offset
4 (0x4) - 6556 (0x199c)
3 (0x3) - 4941 (0x134d)
2 (0x2) - 3326 (0xcfe)
1 (0x1) - 1711 (0x6af)
0 (0x0) - 96 (0x60)

DBCC 执行完毕。如果 DBCC 输出了错误信息,请与系统管理员联系。

下面插入一行新的记录并再次查看行偏移数组:

use adventureworks;
GO
insert into bigrows values(22,replicate('x',1600));
GO

从m_nextPage = (1:20999)结果可知现在有两个数据分页,下一个分页号为20999。

PAGE: (1:20996)

BUFFER:

BUF @0x0000000083FD7F80

bpage = 0x00000000835FE000 bhash = 0x0000000000000000 bpageno = (1:20996)
bdbid = 6 breferences = 0 bUse1 = 4322
bstat = 0xc0010b blog = 0x212121bb bnext = 0x0000000000000000

PAGE HEADER:

Page @0x00000000835FE000

m_pageId = (1:20996) m_headerVersion = 1 m_type = 1
m_typeFlagBits = 0x4 m_level = 0 m_flagBits = 0x0
m_objId (AllocUnitId.idObj) = 346 m_indexId (AllocUnitId.idInd) = 256
Metadata: AllocUnitId = 72057594060603392
Metadata: PartitionId = 72057594054311936 Metadata: IndexId = 1
Metadata: ObjectId = 743673697 m_prevPage = (0:0) m_nextPage = (1:20999)
pminlen = 8 m_slotCnt = 3 m_freeCnt = 3245
m_freeData = 8171 m_reservedCnt = 0 m_lsn = (134:416:17)
m_xactReserved = 0 m_xdesId = (0:0) m_ghostRecCnt = 0
m_tornBits = 0

Allocation Status

GAM (1:2) = ALLOCATED SGAM (1:3) = ALLOCATED
PFS (1:16176) = 0x60 MIXED_EXT ALLOCATED 0_PCT_FULL DIFF (1:6) = CHANGED
ML (1:7) = NOT MIN_LOGGED

DATA:

Slot 0, Offset 0x60, Length 1615, DumpStyle BYTE

Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD Record Attributes = NULL_BITMAP VARIABLE_COLUMNS

Memory Dump @0x0000000003A8C060

0000000000000000: 30000800 05000000 0200fc01 004f0661 ?0............O.a
0000000000000010: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000020: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000030: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000040: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000050: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000060: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000070: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000080: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000090: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
00000000000000A0: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
00000000000000B0: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
00000000000000C0: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
00000000000000D0: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
00000000000000E0: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
00000000000000F0: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000100: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000110: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000120: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000130: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000140: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000150: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000160: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000170: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000180: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000190: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
00000000000001A0: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
00000000000001B0: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
00000000000001C0: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
00000000000001D0: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
00000000000001E0: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
00000000000001F0: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000200: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000210: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000220: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000230: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000240: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000250: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000260: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000270: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000280: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
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00000000000002A0: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
00000000000002B0: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
00000000000002C0: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
00000000000002D0: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
00000000000002E0: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
00000000000002F0: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000300: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000310: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000320: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000330: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000340: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000350: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000360: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000370: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000380: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000390: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
00000000000003A0: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
00000000000003B0: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
00000000000003C0: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
00000000000003D0: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
00000000000003E0: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
00000000000003F0: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000400: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000410: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000420: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000430: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000440: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000450: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000460: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000470: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000480: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000490: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
00000000000004A0: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
00000000000004B0: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
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00000000000004D0: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
00000000000004E0: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
00000000000004F0: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000500: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000510: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000520: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000530: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000540: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000550: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000560: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000570: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000580: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000590: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
00000000000005A0: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
00000000000005B0: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
00000000000005C0: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
00000000000005D0: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
00000000000005E0: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
00000000000005F0: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000600: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000610: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000620: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000630: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000640: 61616161 61616161 61616161 616161????aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

Slot 1, Offset 0x6af, Length 1615, DumpStyle BYTE

Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD Record Attributes = NULL_BITMAP VARIABLE_COLUMNS

Memory Dump @0x0000000003A8C6AF

0000000000000000: 30000800 0a000000 0200fc01 004f0662 ?0............O.b
0000000000000010: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000020: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000030: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000040: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000050: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000060: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000070: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000080: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000090: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
00000000000000A0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
00000000000000B0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
00000000000000C0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
00000000000000D0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
00000000000000E0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
00000000000000F0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000100: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000110: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000120: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000130: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000140: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000150: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000160: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000170: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000180: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000190: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
00000000000001A0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
00000000000001B0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
00000000000001C0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
00000000000001D0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
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00000000000001F0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000200: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
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0000000000000220: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000230: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000240: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000250: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000260: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000270: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000280: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000290: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
00000000000002A0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
00000000000002B0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
00000000000002C0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
00000000000002D0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
00000000000002E0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
00000000000002F0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000300: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000310: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000320: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000330: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
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0000000000000400: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
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0000000000000430: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
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0000000000000460: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000470: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000480: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000490: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
00000000000004A0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
00000000000004B0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
00000000000004C0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
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00000000000004E0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
00000000000004F0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000500: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
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0000000000000530: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
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00000000000005C0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
00000000000005D0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
00000000000005E0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
00000000000005F0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000600: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000610: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000620: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000630: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000640: 62626262 62626262 62626262 626262????bbbbbbbbbbbbbbb

Slot 2, Offset 0xcfe, Length 1615, DumpStyle BYTE

Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD Record Attributes = NULL_BITMAP VARIABLE_COLUMNS

Memory Dump @0x0000000003A8CCFE

0000000000000000: 30000800 0f000000 0200fc01 004f0663 ?0............O.c
0000000000000010: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000020: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000030: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000040: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000050: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000060: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000070: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000080: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000090: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000000A0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000000B0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000000C0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000000D0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000000E0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000000F0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000100: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000110: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000120: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000130: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000140: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000150: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000160: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000170: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000180: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
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OFFSET TABLE:

Row - Offset
2 (0x2) - 3326 (0xcfe)
1 (0x1) - 1711 (0x6af)
0 (0x0) - 96 (0x60)

DBCC 执行完毕。如果 DBCC 输出了错误信息,请与系统管理员联系。

在拆分后检查原来的数据分页发现它既有可能包含原始分页的上半部分的行记录也可能是下半部分。SQL Server通常会移动记录因而新插入的记录会移动到新的分页上去。因为这些行记录无论如何都会移动,因此调整它们的位置来容纳新插入的记录就更具有意义了。在这个例子中,新的记录,其聚集键值为22,会被插入到分页的下半部分中去。因此当发生页拆分时,前三行仍然留在原始分页20996中。可以检查页头来找到下一个包含新记录的分页位置。其中,m_nextPage域指明了页号。该值以十进制的格式表示为文件号;分页号对,因此可以很容易地将其运用在dbcc page命令中。当我运行该查询时,得到的m_nextPage的值为1:20999,因此要执行如下命令:

use adventureworks;
GO
dbcc traceon(3604);
GO
dbcc page(adventureworks,1,20999,1)

DBCC 执行完毕。如果 DBCC 输出了错误信息,请与系统管理员联系。

PAGE: (1:20999)

BUFFER:

BUF @0x0000000083FF9C80

bpage = 0x0000000083E72000 bhash = 0x0000000000000000 bpageno = (1:20999)
bdbid = 6 breferences = 0 bUse1 = 7865
bstat = 0xc0010b blog = 0x212121bb bnext = 0x0000000000000000

PAGE HEADER:

Page @0x0000000083E72000

m_pageId = (1:20999) m_headerVersion = 1 m_type = 1
m_typeFlagBits = 0x4 m_level = 0 m_flagBits = 0x0
m_objId (AllocUnitId.idObj) = 346 m_indexId (AllocUnitId.idInd) = 256
Metadata: AllocUnitId = 72057594060603392
Metadata: PartitionId = 72057594054311936 Metadata: IndexId = 1
Metadata: ObjectId = 743673697 m_prevPage = (1:20996) m_nextPage = (0:0)
pminlen = 8 m_slotCnt = 3 m_freeCnt = 3245
m_freeData = 4941 m_reservedCnt = 0 m_lsn = (134:416:20)
m_xactReserved = 0 m_xdesId = (0:0) m_ghostRecCnt = 0
m_tornBits = 0

Allocation Status

GAM (1:2) = ALLOCATED SGAM (1:3) = ALLOCATED
PFS (1:16176) = 0x60 MIXED_EXT ALLOCATED 0_PCT_FULL DIFF (1:6) = CHANGED
ML (1:7) = NOT MIN_LOGGED

DATA:

Slot 0, Offset 0x60, Length 1615, DumpStyle BYTE

Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD Record Attributes = NULL_BITMAP VARIABLE_COLUMNS

Memory Dump @0x0000000003A8C060

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Slot 1, Offset 0xcfe, Length 1615, DumpStyle BYTE

Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD Record Attributes = NULL_BITMAP VARIABLE_COLUMNS

Memory Dump @0x0000000003A8CCFE

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0000000000000510: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000520: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000530: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000540: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000550: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000560: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000570: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000580: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000590: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
00000000000005A0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
00000000000005B0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
00000000000005C0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
00000000000005D0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
00000000000005E0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
00000000000005F0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000600: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000610: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000620: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000630: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000640: 78787878 78787878 78787878 787878????xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Slot 2, Offset 0x6af, Length 1615, DumpStyle BYTE

Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD Record Attributes = NULL_BITMAP VARIABLE_COLUMNS

Memory Dump @0x0000000003A8C6AF

0000000000000000: 30000800 19000000 0200fc01 004f0665 ?0............O.e
0000000000000010: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000020: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000030: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000040: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000050: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000060: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000070: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000080: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000090: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000000A0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000000B0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000000C0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000000D0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000000E0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000000F0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000100: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000110: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000120: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000130: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000140: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000150: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000160: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000170: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000180: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000190: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000001A0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000001B0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000001C0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000001D0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000001E0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000001F0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000200: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000210: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000220: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000230: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000240: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000250: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000260: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000270: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000280: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000290: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000002A0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000002B0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000002C0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000002D0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000002E0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000002F0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000300: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000310: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000320: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000330: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000340: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000350: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000360: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000370: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000380: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000390: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000003A0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000003B0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000003C0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000003D0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000003E0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000003F0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000400: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000410: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000420: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000430: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000440: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000450: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000460: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000470: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000480: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000490: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000004A0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000004B0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000004C0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000004D0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000004E0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000004F0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000500: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000510: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000520: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000530: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000540: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000550: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000560: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000570: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000580: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000590: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000005A0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000005B0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000005C0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000005D0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000005E0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
00000000000005F0: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000600: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000610: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000620: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000630: 65656565 65656565 65656565 65656565 ?eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
0000000000000640: 65656565 65656565 65656565 656565????eeeeeeeeeeeeeee

OFFSET TABLE:

下面是插入以后第二个分页上的行偏移数组:

Row - Offset
2 (0x2) - 1711 (0x6af)
1 (0x1) - 3326 (0xcfe)
0 (0x0) - 96 (0x60)

DBCC 执行完毕。如果 DBCC 输出了错误信息,请与系统管理员联系。

注意,在页拆分以后,此分页上有三行记录:原始分页上的后两条记录(键值为20和25),以及值为22的新记录。如果检查分页上的实际数据的话,会注意到新的记录在槽号(slot)为1的地方,即使该记录本身的确是分页上物理顺序中的最后条记录。槽1(键值为22)从偏移量3326处开始,而槽2(键值为25)则从偏移量1711处开始。行的聚集索引键序是由行的槽号指明的,而不是在分页上的物理位置。如果数据表包含聚集索引,那么在槽1处的记录的键值总是小于槽2处记录的键值而大于槽0处记录的键值。

尽管典型的页拆分的代价并不十分高昂,但是用户还是希望能够尽可能降低生产系统中的页拆分频率,至少在使用高峰的时刻会如此。一次页拆分开锁很低,但成千上百的拆分就不是了。可以通过在现有数据上创建聚集索引时使用filefactor子句在分页上预留一些空间来避免高峰时刻可能的系统崩溃。可以在系统运营最不繁忙的时雄姿英发定期使用期望的填充因子重建索引对系统进行优化。按照这种方式,在高峰时刻依然有额外的空间可以使用,并且可以因此节省拆分带来的开锁。如果系统不存在“不活跃”的时间,可以使用alter index对索引进行重组并调整填充因子,而不必使整张表都陷入不可使用的状态。注意:带有reorganize的alter index语句只能通过压缩数据和转移分页来调整填充因子,它不会通过添加新的分页来重置填充因子。利用SQL Server代理可以很轻松地在系统不繁忙时安排索引的重建或重组。

删除数据
当从一张数据表中删除记录时,必须同时考虑数据分页和索引分页上的变化。谨记聚集索引的叶级别实际上就是数据本身,而从带有聚集索引的表中删除数据的方式与从非聚集索引 的叶级别删除记录完全一样。从堆表中删除记录则是另一种处理方式,类似于从索引的结点分页中进行删除。

从堆表中删除记录
SQL Server 2005不会在行被删除时自动压缩分页上的空间。考虑到性能优化,在分页需要额外的连续空间来插入新的记录以前都不会进行数据压缩。下面的盒子从分页中间删除一行数据然后使用dbcc page来查看分页。

use adventureworks;
GO

create table smallrows
(
a int identity,
b char(10)
);
GO

insert into smallrows values('row 1');
insert into smallrows values('row 2');
insert into smallrows values('row 3');
insert into smallrows values('row 4');
insert into smallrows values('row 5');

truncate table sp_table_pages;

insert into sp_table_pages exec('dbcc ind(adventureworks,smallrows,-1)');

select pagefid,pagepid from sp_table_pages where pagetype=1;
结果:
pagefid pagepid
------- -----------
1 21920

(1 行受影响)

use adventureworks;
GO
dbcc traceon(3604);
GO
dbcc page(adventureworks,1,21920,1)

下面是dbcc page的输出结果

PAGE: (1:21920)

BUFFER:

BUF @0x0000000083FF9480

bpage = 0x0000000083E52000 bhash = 0x0000000000000000 bpageno = (1:21920)
bdbid = 6 breferences = 0 bUse1 = 3478
bstat = 0xc0010b blog = 0x212121bb bnext = 0x0000000000000000

PAGE HEADER:

Page @0x0000000083E52000

m_pageId = (1:21920) m_headerVersion = 1 m_type = 1
m_typeFlagBits = 0x4 m_level = 0 m_flagBits = 0x8000
m_objId (AllocUnitId.idObj) = 347 m_indexId (AllocUnitId.idInd) = 256
Metadata: AllocUnitId = 72057594060668928
Metadata: PartitionId = 72057594054377472 Metadata: IndexId = 0
Metadata: ObjectId = 775673811 m_prevPage = (0:0) m_nextPage = (0:0)
pminlen = 18 m_slotCnt = 5 m_freeCnt = 7981
m_freeData = 201 m_reservedCnt = 0 m_lsn = (134:472:3)
m_xactReserved = 0 m_xdesId = (0:0) m_ghostRecCnt = 0
m_tornBits = 0

Allocation Status

GAM (1:2) = ALLOCATED SGAM (1:3) = ALLOCATED
PFS (1:16176) = 0x61 MIXED_EXT ALLOCATED 50_PCT_FULL DIFF (1:6) = CHANGED
ML (1:7) = NOT MIN_LOGGED

DATA:

Slot 0, Offset 0x60, Length 21, DumpStyle BYTE

Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD Record Attributes = NULL_BITMAP
Memory Dump @0x000000000E22C060

0000000000000000: 10001200 01000000 726f7720 31202020 ?........row 1
0000000000000010: 20200200 fc?????????????????????????? ...

Slot 1, Offset 0x75, Length 21, DumpStyle BYTE

Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD Record Attributes = NULL_BITMAP
Memory Dump @0x000000000E22C075

0000000000000000: 10001200 02000000 726f7720 32202020 ?........row 2
0000000000000010: 20200200 fc?????????????????????????? ...

Slot 2, Offset 0x8a, Length 21, DumpStyle BYTE

Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD Record Attributes = NULL_BITMAP
Memory Dump @0x000000000E22C08A

0000000000000000: 10001200 03000000 726f7720 33202020 ?........row 3
0000000000000010: 20200200 fc?????????????????????????? ...

Slot 3, Offset 0x9f, Length 21, DumpStyle BYTE

Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD Record Attributes = NULL_BITMAP
Memory Dump @0x000000000E22C09F

0000000000000000: 10001200 04000000 726f7720 34202020 ?........row 4
0000000000000010: 20200200 fc?????????????????????????? ...

Slot 4, Offset 0xb4, Length 21, DumpStyle BYTE

Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD Record Attributes = NULL_BITMAP
Memory Dump @0x000000000E22C0B4

0000000000000000: 10001200 05000000 726f7720 35202020 ?........row 5
0000000000000010: 20200200 fc?????????????????????????? ...

OFFSET TABLE:

Row - Offset
4 (0x4) - 180 (0xb4)
3 (0x3) - 159 (0x9f)
2 (0x2) - 138 (0x8a)
1 (0x1) - 117 (0x75)
0 (0x0) - 96 (0x60)

现在删除中间一行数据(where a=3)并再次查看分页的内容

use adventureworks;
GO
delete from smallrows where a=3;
GO
dbcc traceon(3604);
GO
dbcc page(adventureworks,1,21920,1)

下面是第二次执行dbcc page的输出结果

PAGE: (1:21920)

BUFFER:

BUF @0x0000000083FF9480

bpage = 0x0000000083E52000 bhash = 0x0000000000000000 bpageno = (1:21920)
bdbid = 6 breferences = 3 bUse1 = 3693
bstat = 0xc0010b blog = 0x212121bb bnext = 0x0000000000000000

PAGE HEADER:

Page @0x0000000083E52000

m_pageId = (1:21920) m_headerVersion = 1 m_type = 1
m_typeFlagBits = 0x4 m_level = 0 m_flagBits = 0x8008
m_objId (AllocUnitId.idObj) = 347 m_indexId (AllocUnitId.idInd) = 256
Metadata: AllocUnitId = 72057594060668928
Metadata: PartitionId = 72057594054377472 Metadata: IndexId = 0
Metadata: ObjectId = 775673811 m_prevPage = (0:0) m_nextPage = (0:0)
pminlen = 18 m_slotCnt = 5 m_freeCnt = 8002
m_freeData = 201 m_reservedCnt = 21 m_lsn = (134:488:2)
m_xactReserved = 21 m_xdesId = (0:18192) m_ghostRecCnt = 0
m_tornBits = 0

Allocation Status

GAM (1:2) = ALLOCATED SGAM (1:3) = ALLOCATED
PFS (1:16176) = 0x61 MIXED_EXT ALLOCATED 50_PCT_FULL DIFF (1:6) = CHANGED
ML (1:7) = NOT MIN_LOGGED

DATA:

Slot 0, Offset 0x60, Length 21, DumpStyle BYTE

Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD Record Attributes = NULL_BITMAP
Memory Dump @0x000000000E22C060

0000000000000000: 10001200 01000000 726f7720 31202020 ?........row 1
0000000000000010: 20200200 fc?????????????????????????? ...

Slot 1, Offset 0x75, Length 21, DumpStyle BYTE

Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD Record Attributes = NULL_BITMAP
Memory Dump @0x000000000E22C075

0000000000000000: 10001200 02000000 726f7720 32202020 ?........row 2
0000000000000010: 20200200 fc?????????????????????????? ...

Slot 3, Offset 0x9f, Length 21, DumpStyle BYTE

Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD Record Attributes = NULL_BITMAP
Memory Dump @0x000000000E22C09F

0000000000000000: 10001200 04000000 726f7720 34202020 ?........row 4
0000000000000010: 20200200 fc?????????????????????????? ...

Slot 4, Offset 0xb4, Length 21, DumpStyle BYTE

Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD Record Attributes = NULL_BITMAP
Memory Dump @0x000000000E22C0B4

0000000000000000: 10001200 05000000 726f7720 35202020 ?........row 5
0000000000000010: 20200200 fc?????????????????????????? ...

OFFSET TABLE:

Row - Offset
4 (0x4) - 180 (0xb4)
3 (0x3) - 159 (0x9f)
2 (0x2) - 0 (0x0)
1 (0x1) - 117 (0x75)
0 (0x0) - 96 (0x60)

注意在堆表中,这行数据就不会出现在分页中了。分页底部的行偏移数组显示第三行数据(槽2)现在位于偏移量0处(这意味着现在没有行使用槽2),而占用槽3的行仍然在位于和删除前相同的偏移量处。分页上的数据并没有被压缩。

除了分页上的空间不被回收之外,堆表中的空闲分页也经常无法被回收。即使从堆表中删除了全部记录。SQL Server不会将空闲分页标记成未分配状态,因此这部分空间无法供其他对象使用。目录视图sys.dm_db_partition_stats会显示这块空间仍然属于堆表。

从B树中删除记录
在索引的叶级别(无论聚集索引还是非聚集索引),当行记录被删除时,SQL Server会将其标记为虚影记录。这意味着这行记录仍然保留在分页上但是SQL Server会修改记录头中的一个比特位用来表示这行数据实际上是一个虚影。页头中也会反映出分页上的虚影记录数量。虚影记录有多种用途。它们可以使用回滚操作具有更高的效率;如果这行记录还没有被物理地移除掉,那么SQL Server要回滚删除操作的话就只需修改表示行为虚影的那个比特位即可。同样,虚影记录也是一种针对键范围锁定以及其他锁定模式的并发优化。虚影记录也被用来支持行版本控制。

虚影记录迟早还是会被清除掉的,取决于系统的负荷情况,而且有时SQL Server会在你有机会查看到以前就将其清除掉了。在下面所示的代码中,如果执行delete操作并等待一会儿再运行dbcc page的话,虚影记录可能就真的消失了。这就是为什么要在运行delete以前察看表中的分页数量,这样就可以在查询窗口中一次点击执行delete和dbcc page命令。为了确保虚影不被清除掉,可以将delete放到一个用户事务中并且在检查分页之前不提交或回滚该事务。清理线程不会清除属于活动事务的虚影记录。另外,可以使用未记载的跟踪标记661禁用虚影清理以确保像这个脚本一样运行浿时能够有一致的结果。通常,请记住未被记载的跟踪标记并不能保证在任何后续版本或者service pack中继续工作,并且不被微软支持。还要明确在完成测试以后必须关闭跟踪标记。

下面的例子新建了与前面delete例子中相同的数据表,但这次声明了一个主键,这意味着SQL Server会创建一个聚集索引。聚集索引的叶级别就是实际的数据,因此当记录被移除时,会被标记为虚影。

use adventureworks;
GO

drop table smallrows;
GO

create table smallrows
(
a int identity primary key,
b char(10)
);
GO

insert into smallrows values('row 1');
insert into smallrows values('row 2');
insert into smallrows values('row 3');
insert into smallrows values('row 4');
insert into smallrows values('row 5');

truncate table sp_table_pages;

insert into sp_table_pages exec('dbcc ind(adventureworks,smallrows,-1)');

select pagefid,pagepid from sp_table_pages where pagetype=1;
结果:
pagefid pagepid
------- -----------
1 21928

use adventureworks;
GO
delete from smallrows where a=3;
GO
dbcc traceon(3604);
GO
dbcc page(adventureworks,1,21928,1)

下面是dbcc page的输出结果:

PAGE: (1:21928)

BUFFER:

BUF @0x0000000084FF6000

bpage = 0x0000000084D80000 bhash = 0x0000000000000000 bpageno = (1:21928)
bdbid = 6 breferences = 3 bUse1 = 5368
bstat = 0xc0010b blog = 0x212121bb bnext = 0x0000000000000000

PAGE HEADER:

Page @0x0000000084D80000

m_pageId = (1:21928) m_headerVersion = 1 m_type = 1
m_typeFlagBits = 0x4 m_level = 0 m_flagBits = 0x0
m_objId (AllocUnitId.idObj) = 348 m_indexId (AllocUnitId.idInd) = 256
Metadata: AllocUnitId = 72057594060734464
Metadata: PartitionId = 72057594054443008 Metadata: IndexId = 1
Metadata: ObjectId = 791673868 m_prevPage = (0:0) m_nextPage = (0:0)
pminlen = 18 m_slotCnt = 5 m_freeCnt = 7981
m_freeData = 201 m_reservedCnt = 0 m_lsn = (134:576:2)
m_xactReserved = 0 m_xdesId = (0:18204) m_ghostRecCnt = 1
m_tornBits = 0

Allocation Status

GAM (1:2) = ALLOCATED SGAM (1:3) = ALLOCATED
PFS (1:16176) = 0x68 MIXED_EXT ALLOCATED 0_PCT_FULL DIFF (1:6) = CHANGED
ML (1:7) = NOT MIN_LOGGED

DATA:

Slot 0, Offset 0x60, Length 21, DumpStyle BYTE

Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD Record Attributes = NULL_BITMAP
Memory Dump @0x000000000E22C060

0000000000000000: 10001200 01000000 726f7720 31202020 ?........row 1
0000000000000010: 20200200 fc?????????????????????????? ...

Slot 1, Offset 0x75, Length 21, DumpStyle BYTE

Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD Record Attributes = NULL_BITMAP
Memory Dump @0x000000000E22C075

0000000000000000: 10001200 02000000 726f7720 32202020 ?........row 2
0000000000000010: 20200200 fc?????????????????????????? ...

Slot 2, Offset 0x8a, Length 21, DumpStyle BYTE

Record Type = GHOST_DATA_RECORD Record Attributes = NULL_BITMAP
Memory Dump @0x000000000E22C08A

0000000000000000: 1c001200 03000000 726f7720 33202020 ?........row 3
0000000000000010: 20200200 fc?????????????????????????? ...

Slot 3, Offset 0x9f, Length 21, DumpStyle BYTE

Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD Record Attributes = NULL_BITMAP
Memory Dump @0x000000000E22C09F

0000000000000000: 10001200 04000000 726f7720 34202020 ?........row 4
0000000000000010: 20200200 fc?????????????????????????? ...

Slot 4, Offset 0xb4, Length 21, DumpStyle BYTE

Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD Record Attributes = NULL_BITMAP
Memory Dump @0x000000000E22C0B4

0000000000000000: 10001200 05000000 726f7720 35202020 ?........row 5
0000000000000010: 20200200 fc?????????????????????????? ...

OFFSET TABLE:

Row - Offset
4 (0x4) - 180 (0xb4)
3 (0x3) - 159 (0x9f)
2 (0x2) - 138 (0x8a)
1 (0x1) - 117 (0x75)
0 (0x0) - 96 (0x60)

注意,这行记录仍然会出现在分页中,因为数据表带有聚集索引。行的头信息表明这的确是一条虚影记录。分页末尾的行偏移数组显示槽2中的记录仍然在相同的偏移量处而且所有记录都和删除以前所在的位置相同。另外,页头还提供了分页中虚影记录的数量(m_ghostRecCnt = 1)。可以通过sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats看到数据表中虚影记录的总数

删除索引结点级中的记录
当从表中删除一行数据时,SQL Server必须维护所有的非聚集索引,因为每个非聚集索引都有一个指针指向现在消失了的那条记录。索引结点分页中的记录在被删除以后并不是虚影记录,但是与堆表分页一样,直到新的索引行需要该分页中的空间时,SQL Server才会压缩空间。

回收分页
当数据分页中的最后一条记录都被删除时,整个分页就被回收。例外发生在表是堆表结构的时候,正如之前讨论过的(如果此分页是表中剩下的唯一分页的话是不会被回收的。一张数据表总是包含至少一个分页,即使该分页是空的)。数据分页的回收将导致SQL Server删除索引分页中指向被回收的数据分页的那行记录。如果索引行被删除的话,那么索引分页就会被回收(同样,可能在删除/插入/更新策略时发生),只在索引分页中保留一个条目。该条目会被移到相邻的分页中,然后SQL Server将回收这个空闲分页。

到目前为止,所有的讨论都集中在删除一行记录所必需的分页操作上。如果一个删除操作删除掉多行记录,用户必须注意一些其他事项。由于在单个查询中修改多条记录对于插入,更新以及删除操作来说都是相同的。

更新行
SQL Server有多种方式可以更新行记录,它会自动隐式地为特定的操作选择最快速的更新策略。在决定策略的过程中,SQL Server会估计受到影响的记录数,按照怎样的方式访问记录(通过扫描,或者一次索引和索引获取)以及是否会对索引键进行修改。更新可以由查询处理器或者存储引擎来控制。在本小节中,我们只研究更新究竟按照原位替换的方式进行还是SQL Server将其按照两个独立的操作来处理;删除旧行并插入新行。更新是由哪个组件控制的问题;查询处理器还是存储引擎,实际上与所有数据修改操作都有关联(并不只与更新相关)。

移动行
如果表中的一条记录必须移到新的位置时又会怎么样呢?在SQL Server 2005中,当一条带有变长字段的记录被更新了一个新的较大的值,使得原始分页无法再容纳此记录时,会发生移动行的情况。这也可能在改变聚集索引的字段时发生,因为数据行是根据聚集键进行逻辑排序的。举例来说,如果在lastname字段上有一个聚集索引,那么一条lastname值为Abbot的记录会存储到接近表头的位置。如果接着将lastname值更新为Zappa,那么就必须将这行数据移到靠近表尾的地方。

前面部分曾经了解了索引的结构并知道非聚集索引的叶级别的每个结点都包含一个行定位符(或者书签)指向数据表中的每行记录。如果表上有聚集索引,那么行定位符就是该行数据的聚集键。因此,当且仅当聚集索引键被更新时,才需要在每个非聚集索引中进行相应的修改。请在决定要在哪些字段上创建聚集索引的时候牢记这点。最好在非易失性的字段上创建聚集索引。

如果行的移动是因为原来的分页不能再容纳这行数据。它依然会保持相同的行定位符(换而言之,该行数据的聚集键保持不变),并且没有非聚集索引需要被修改。

在索引内部机理的讨论中也了解了如果数据表上没有聚集索引(换而言之,仍然是堆表结构),那么存在非聚集索引中的行定位符实际上就是行的物理位置。在SQL Server 2005中,如果堆中的一行记录要移到新的分页上去,该记录会在原来的位置留下一个“前转指针”(forwarding pointer)。SQL Server无需改变非聚集索引,它们依旧指向原来的位置,并从原位出发指向新的位置。

下面来看一个例子。首先新建一张表,与之前演示插入操作的那张表十分相似,但是该表还有第三个变长字段。当向这张表插入五条数据以后,会填满这个分页,然后更新其中一行记录使第三个字段变得相当长。原始分页就无法再容纳这行数据,因此必须被移动。接着可以将dbcc ind的输出结果导入sp_table_pages数据表中,以得到该表所使用的分页数目。

use adventureworks;
GO

drop table bigrows;
GO

create table bigrows
(
a int identity,
b varchar(1600),
c varchar(1600)
);
GO

insert into bigrows values(replicate('a',1600),'');
insert into bigrows values(replicate('b',1600),'');
insert into bigrows values(replicate('c',1600),'');
insert into bigrows values(replicate('d',1600),'');
insert into bigrows values(replicate('e',1600),'');
GO

update bigrows set c=replicate('x',1600) where a=3;
GO

truncate table sp_table_pages;

insert into sp_table_pages exec('dbcc ind(adventureworks,bigrows,-1)');

select pagefid,pagepid from sp_table_pages where pagetype=1;

查看输出结果:

pagefid pagepid
------- -----------
1 20996
1 20997

use adventureworks;
GO
dbcc traceon(3604);
GO
dbcc page(adventureworks,1,20996,1)
PAGE: (1:20996)

输出结果如下:

BUFFER:

BUF @0x0000000083FD7F80

bpage = 0x00000000835FE000 bhash = 0x0000000000000000 bpageno = (1:20996)
bdbid = 6 breferences = 0 bUse1 = 42333
bstat = 0xc0010b blog = 0x2121bbbb bnext = 0x0000000000000000

PAGE HEADER:

Page @0x00000000835FE000

m_pageId = (1:20996) m_headerVersion = 1 m_type = 1
m_typeFlagBits = 0x4 m_level = 0 m_flagBits = 0x8
m_objId (AllocUnitId.idObj) = 349 m_indexId (AllocUnitId.idInd) = 256
Metadata: AllocUnitId = 72057594060800000
Metadata: PartitionId = 72057594054508544 Metadata: IndexId = 0
Metadata: ObjectId = 823673982 m_prevPage = (0:0) m_nextPage = (0:0)
pminlen = 8 m_slotCnt = 5 m_freeCnt = 1617
m_freeData = 8180 m_reservedCnt = 1606 m_lsn = (134:664:13)
m_xactReserved = 1606 m_xdesId = (0:18215) m_ghostRecCnt = 0
m_tornBits = 0

Allocation Status

GAM (1:2) = ALLOCATED SGAM (1:3) = ALLOCATED
PFS (1:16176) = 0x63 MIXED_EXT ALLOCATED 95_PCT_FULL DIFF (1:6) = CHANGED
ML (1:7) = NOT MIN_LOGGED

DATA:

Slot 0, Offset 0x60, Length 1615, DumpStyle BYTE

Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD Record Attributes = NULL_BITMAP VARIABLE_COLUMNS

Memory Dump @0x000000000E9DC060

0000000000000000: 30000800 01000000 0300f801 004f0661 ?0............O.a
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0000000000000560: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000570: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
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0000000000000600: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000610: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000620: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000630: 61616161 61616161 61616161 61616161 ?aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
0000000000000640: 61616161 61616161 61616161 616161????aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

Slot 1, Offset 0x6af, Length 1615, DumpStyle BYTE

Record Type = PRIMARY_RECORD Record Attributes = NULL_BITMAP VARIABLE_COLUMNS

Memory Dump @0x000000000E9DC6AF

0000000000000000: 30000800 02000000 0300f801 004f0662 ?0............O.b
0000000000000010: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
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0000000000000450: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000460: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000470: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000480: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000490: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
00000000000004A0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
00000000000004B0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
00000000000004C0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
00000000000004D0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
00000000000004E0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
00000000000004F0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000500: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000510: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000520: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000530: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000540: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000550: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000560: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000570: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000580: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000590: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
00000000000005A0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
00000000000005B0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
00000000000005C0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
00000000000005D0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
00000000000005E0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
00000000000005F0: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000600: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000610: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000620: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000630: 62626262 62626262 62626262 62626262 ?bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
0000000000000640: 62626262 62626262 62626262 626262????bbbbbbbbbbbbbbb

a=3的记录所在槽2的内容如下:

Slot 2, Offset 0x1feb, Length 9, DumpStyle BYTE

Record Type = FORWARDING_STUB Record Attributes =
Memory Dump @0x000000000E9DDFEB

0000000000000000: 04055200 00010000 00?????????????????..R......

第一个字节的值为4(04)意味着这只是一个前转部分。后三个字节005205是记录移动的目的分页号。由于只是一个十六进制的值,需要将其转化成十进制值20997。下一组四个字节表明分页在文件号为1,槽号为0的地方。如果接着使用dbcc page来查看分页20997,可以看到前转记录的模样。

select CONVERT(bigint, CAST(0x005205 As varbinary));
--------------------
20997

(1 行受影响)

use adventureworks;
GO
dbcc traceon(3604);
GO
dbcc page(adventureworks,1,20997,1)

输出结果如下:

PAGE: (1:20997)

BUFFER:

BUF @0x0000000080FF9180

bpage = 0x0000000080E46000 bhash = 0x0000000000000000 bpageno = (1:20997)
bdbid = 6 breferences = 0 bUse1 = 44564
bstat = 0xc0010b blog = 0x12121bbb bnext = 0x0000000000000000

PAGE HEADER:

Page @0x0000000080E46000

m_pageId = (1:20997) m_headerVersion = 1 m_type = 1
m_typeFlagBits = 0x4 m_level = 0 m_flagBits = 0x8000
m_objId (AllocUnitId.idObj) = 349 m_indexId (AllocUnitId.idInd) = 256
Metadata: AllocUnitId = 72057594060800000
Metadata: PartitionId = 72057594054508544 Metadata: IndexId = 0
Metadata: ObjectId = 823673982 m_prevPage = (0:0) m_nextPage = (0:0)
pminlen = 8 m_slotCnt = 1 m_freeCnt = 4865
m_freeData = 4952 m_reservedCnt = 0 m_lsn = (134:664:10)
m_xactReserved = 0 m_xdesId = (0:0) m_ghostRecCnt = 0
m_tornBits = 0

Allocation Status

GAM (1:2) = ALLOCATED SGAM (1:3) = ALLOCATED
PFS (1:16176) = 0x61 MIXED_EXT ALLOCATED 50_PCT_FULL DIFF (1:6) = CHANGED
ML (1:7) = NOT MIN_LOGGED

DATA:

Slot 0, Offset 0x6bb, Length 3229, DumpStyle BYTE

Record Type = FORWARDED_RECORD Record Attributes = NULL_BITMAP VARIABLE_COLUMNS

Memory Dump @0x0000000010F1C6BB

0000000000000000: 32000800 03000000 0300f803 00530693 ?2............S..
0000000000000010: 0c9d8c63 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?...ccccccccccccc
0000000000000020: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000030: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000040: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000050: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000060: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000070: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000080: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000090: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000000A0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000000B0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000000C0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000000D0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000000E0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000000F0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000100: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000110: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000120: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000130: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000140: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000150: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000160: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000170: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000180: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000190: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000001A0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000001B0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000001C0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000001D0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000001E0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000001F0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000200: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000210: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000220: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000230: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000240: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000250: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000260: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000270: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000280: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000290: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000002A0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000002B0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000002C0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000002D0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000002E0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000002F0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000300: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000310: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000320: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000330: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000340: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000350: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000360: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000370: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000380: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000390: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000003A0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000003B0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000003C0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000003D0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000003E0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000003F0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000400: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000410: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000420: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000430: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000440: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000450: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000460: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000470: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000480: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000490: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000004A0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000004B0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000004C0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000004D0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000004E0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000004F0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000500: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000510: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000520: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000530: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000540: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000550: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000560: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000570: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000580: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000590: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000005A0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000005B0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000005C0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000005D0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000005E0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
00000000000005F0: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000600: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000610: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000620: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000630: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000640: 63636363 63636363 63636363 63636363 ?cccccccccccccccc
0000000000000650: 63636378 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?cccxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000660: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000670: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000680: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000690: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
00000000000006A0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
00000000000006B0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
00000000000006C0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
00000000000006D0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
00000000000006E0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
00000000000006F0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000700: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000710: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000720: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000730: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000740: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000750: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000760: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000770: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000780: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000790: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
00000000000007A0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
00000000000007B0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
00000000000007C0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
00000000000007D0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
00000000000007E0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
00000000000007F0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000800: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000810: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000820: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000830: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000840: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000850: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000860: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000870: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000880: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000890: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
00000000000008A0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
00000000000008B0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
00000000000008C0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
00000000000008D0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
00000000000008E0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
00000000000008F0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000900: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000910: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000920: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000930: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000940: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000950: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000960: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000970: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000980: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000990: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
00000000000009A0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
00000000000009B0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
00000000000009C0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
00000000000009D0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
00000000000009E0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
00000000000009F0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000A00: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000A10: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000A20: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000A30: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000A40: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000A50: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000A60: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000A70: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000A80: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000A90: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000AA0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000AB0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000AC0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000AD0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000AE0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000AF0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000B00: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000B10: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000B20: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000B30: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000B40: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000B50: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000B60: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000B70: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000B80: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000B90: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000BA0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000BB0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000BC0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000BD0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000BE0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000BF0: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000C00: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000C10: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000C20: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000C30: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000C40: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000C50: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000C60: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000C70: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000C80: 78787878 78787878 78787878 78787878 ?xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
0000000000000C90: 78787800 04045200 00010002 00????????xxx...R......

OFFSET TABLE:

Row - Offset
0 (0x0) - 1723 (0x6bb)

前转指针
前转指针允许用户在堆中修改数据而无需担心对非聚集索引带来较严重的影响。如果一条已经被前转的记录必须再次移动,最初的前转指针就被更新并指向新的位置。如果还要继续移动,那么前转指针就会不断地指向另一个前转指针。另外,如果前转记录收缩到其原始位置足以能够容纳时,这条记录会被移回到原始位置,如果分页上还有可用空间的话,前转指针就会被删除。

SQL Server的后续版本可能会包括一些机制对堆表中的数据进行物理的重组,这将消除前转指针的作用。注意前转指针只存在于堆表中,并且alter table的重组选项对于堆表来说是不起作用的。可以对堆表上的非聚集索引进行碎片整理但是不能对表本身。目前来说,当前转指针创建完以后就永远呆在原地—除了个别例外情况。第一种例外已经提到过,行会收缩并返回其初始位置。第二种例外是数据库收缩时。当文件收缩时,SQL Server实际上会为书签进行再分配。收缩进程不会产生前转指针。对于因为收缩进程而被移除的分页来说,它们包含的任何前转指针或者残余部分实际上都处于“未前转”的状态。前转指针被移除的其他情况十分明显,譬如前转记录被删除或者在表上创建聚集索引从而使其不再是堆表结构。

]]>
http://www.jydba.net/index.php/archives/2661/feed 0
sql server 2005数据库快照 http://www.jydba.net/index.php/archives/2636 http://www.jydba.net/index.php/archives/2636#respond Fri, 26 Apr 2019 08:46:58 +0000 http://www.jydba.net/?p=2636 使用create database命令来为数据库创建快照,当创建一个快照时必须在create database命令中包含源数据库中的每一个数据文件。包括原来的逻辑名称和一个新的物理名称。不能够指定其它的文件属性,也没有使用日志文件。

这是为Archive数据库创建一个快照的操作如下:
1.首先查看Archive数据库中的数据文件的逻辑名称

C:\Users\Administrator>sqlcmd  -S WINS7-2014DITHH\JY
1> use Archive
2> GO
已将数据库上下文更改为 'Archive'。
1> select name,physical_name from sys.database_files;
2> GO
name                                                 physical_name
------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------
Arch1                                                 C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQLServer\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\Data\archdat1.mdf
Archlog1                                              C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQLServer\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\Data\archlog1.ldf
Arch2                                                 C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQLServer\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\Data\archdat2.ndf


(3 行受影响)

2.创建数据库快照Archive_snapshot

1> create database Archive_snapshot on
2> (
3> name='Arch1',--数据文件的逻辑名称
4> filename='C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\Data\Archive_snapshot_1.mdf' --快照文件
5> ),
6> (
7> name='Arch2',
8> filename='C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\Data\Archive_snapshot_2.mdf'
9> )
10> as snapshot of Archive;
11> GO

下面在源数据库中向表t1插入一行记录
1.先查看表t1中的记录

1>use Archive;
2>GO
已将数据库上下文更改为 'Archive'。
1>select * from t1;
2>GO
t_id        t_date
----------- --------------------
1           2019-04-25
(1 行受影响)

2.向表t1中插入一行记录

1>insert into t1 values(2,'2019-04-26');
2>GO;
(1 行受影响)

3.再次查询表t1中的记录

1>select * from t1;
2>GO
t_id        t_date
----------- --------------------
1           2019-04-25
2           2019-04-26

(2 行受影响)

在快照数据库中查询表t1的记录

1>use Archive_snapshot;
2>GO
已将数据库上下文更改为 'Archive_snapshot'。
1>select * from t1;
2>GO
t_id        t_date
----------- --------------------
1           2019-04-25

(1 行受影响)

可以看到快照数据库中的t1的记录仍然只有一条,快照数据库只包含快照创建时源数据库中已有的数据。

快照中的每一个文件都被创建为稀疏文件,这是NTFS文件系统的一个特性。开始时,一个稀疏文件不包含用户数据,也没有分配到用来存储用户数据的磁盘空间。当数据被写入稀疏文件时,NTFS逐渐地为其分配磁盘空间。一个稀疏文件有可能增长得很大。稀疏文件以64KB为单位增量增长,因此磁盘上的稀疏文件的大小总是64KB的倍数。

快照文件只包含源数据库中发生了变化的数据。对每一个文件,SQL Server创建了一个保存在高速缓存中的比特图,文件的每一个页面对应一个比特位,表示那个页面是否已经被复制到快照中。每次当源数据库中有一个页面被更新时,SQL Server会查看比特图来检查该页面是否已经被复制了,如果还没有被复制,那么马上将其复制到快照中。这种操作被称为写入时复制操作。

前面提到,比特图保存在调整缓存里,而不是文件自身,所以它总是可供随时使用。当SQL Server关闭或数据库关闭时,比特图会丢失并且需要在数据库启动时进行重建军。当SQL Server被访问时它会判断读每一个页面是否存在稀疏文件中,然后将这些信息保存在比物图中供将业使用。

快照反映了发出create database命令的时间点—也就是在创建操作开始的那一刻。SQL Server对源数据库进行检查点操作并将一个同步日志序列号(Log Sequence Number,LSN)记录在源数据库的日志文件里。LSN是一种确定数据库中某一特定时间点的方式。SQL Server然后在源数据库上运行恢复,以便任何未提交事务能够在快照中被回滚。所以虽然快照的稀疏文件开始时是空白的,但是那并不能维护很久。如果当快照被创建时有事务正在进行,恢复进程将会在数据库快照可用前撤消未提交的事务,所以该快照将会包含修改后数据的源数据库所有页面的原始版本。

快照只能在NTFS格式的卷上创建,因为该格式是唯一支持稀疏文件技术的文件格式。如果我们尝试在FAT或FAT32卷上创建一个快照,那么会收到如下类似的错误:

Msg 1823, Level 16, State 2, Line 1
A database snapshot cannot be created because it failed to start.
Msg 5119, Level 16, State 1, Line 1
Cannot make the file "E:\AW_snapshot.MDF" a sparse file. Make sure the file system supports
sparse files.

第一个错误基本上是一个普通的错误信息,第二个错误信提供了关于该操作为什么失败的更详细信息。

可以通过查看动态管理函数sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats来发现数据库快照的每个稀疏文件中正在使用的磁盘上的字节数据是多少,该函数通过size_on_disk_bytes列来返回一个文件中的当前字节数据。该函数将database_id和file_id作为参数。快照数据库的数据库id和每一个稀疏文件的文件ID被显示在目录视图sys.master_files中。还可以通过Windows资源管理器来查看其大小。

1>select name,database_id from sys.databases;
2>GO
name                   database_id 
---------------------- ----------- 
master                 1           
tempdb                 2           
model                  3           
msdb                   4           
AdventureWorksDW       5           
AdventureWorks         6           
resource_COPY          7           
Archive                8           
Archive_snapshot       9           
                                   
(9 行受影响)                       


1>select  database_id,file_id,name,physical_name from sys.master_files;
2>GO
database_id file_id     name                      physical_name                                                                                                                                         
----------- ----------- ------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                                                                                                                                                                            
1           1           master                    C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\DATA\master.mdf                                                                                   
1           2           mastlog                   C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\DATA\mastlog.ldf                     
2           1           tempdev                   C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\DATA\tempdb.mdf                      
2           2           templog                   C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\DATA\templog.ldf                     
3           1           modeldev                  C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\DATA\model.mdf                       
3           2           modellog                  C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\DATA\modellog.ldf                    
4           1           MSDBData                  C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\DATA\MSDBData.mdf                    
4           2           MSDBLog                   C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\DATA\MSDBLog.ldf                     
5           1           AdventureWorksDW_Data     C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\Data\AdventureWorksDW_Data.mdf       
5           2           AdventureWorksDW_Log      C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\Data\AdventureWorksDW_Log.ldf        
6           1           AdventureWorks_Data       C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\Data\AdventureWorks_Data.mdf         
6           2           AdventureWorks_Log        C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\Data\AdventureWorks_Log.ldf          
7           1           data                      C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\Data\mssqlsystemresource_copy.mdf    
7           2           log                       C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\Data\mssqlsystemresource_copy.ldf    
8           1           Arch1                     C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\Data\archdat1.mdf                    
8           2           Archlog1                  C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\Data\archlog1.ldf                    
8           3           Arch2                     C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\Data\archdat2.ndf                    
9           1           Arch1                     C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\Data\Archive_snapshot_1.mdf          
9           3           Arch2                     C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL.1\MSSQL\Data\Archive_snapshot_2.mdf          
                                                                                                                                           
(19 行受影响)         

1>select * from  sys.dm_io_virtual_file_stats (9,NULL) AS vfs;
2>GO
database_id file_id sample_ms   num_of_reads         num_of_bytes_read    io_stall_read_ms     num_of_writes        num_of_bytes_written io_stall_write_ms    io_stall             size_on_disk_bytes   file_handle
----------- ------- ----------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- ------------------
9           1       1902593092  60                   491520               133                  5                    40960                4                    137                  262144               0x000000000000080C
9           3       1902593092  4                    32768                11                   1                    8192                 0                    11                   65536                0x0000000000000840

(2 行受影响)

因为同一个数据库有可能拥有多个快照,所以我们必须确保有足够的可用磁盘空间。快照开始时会相对较小,当随着源数据库的更新,每个快照都会增长。稀疏文件的空间按照称为区域的片断进行分配,单位为64KB。当一个区域被分配时,除了已经更改过的一个页面,所有的页面都会被清零。这时该区域中还供7个更改过的页面使用的空间,并且在这7个页面空间被使用完之前,不会分配新的区域。

有可能会过度申请存储空间。这意味着在通常情况下,我们能够拥有的是实际物理存储空间很多倍的多个快照,但一旦快照增长,物理卷就会被耗尽(当运行在线dbcc checkdb命令或相关命令时有可能会发生这种情况,因为我们无法控制这些命令所使用的内部快照存放的物理位置—它会被存放在父数据库文件所在的同一个郑上。dbcc在这种情况下检查将会失败)。一旦物理卷空间耗尽,对源数据库的写操作就无法将写之前的页面图像复制到稀疏文件。无法写入页面的快照会被记为置疑(suspect)并且无法使用,但是源数据库仍然可以继续运行。不可能修复一个被置疑的快照,必须将这种快照数据库删除。

管理快照
如果一个源数据库中存在快照,那么就无法删除,分离或还原该源数据库。如果把握一个数据库切换到离线(offline)状态,那么快照将会被自动删除。另外,我们基本上可以通过将源数据回复(Revert)到快照创建时的状态,并把源数据库替换为它的一个快照。命令如下:

1> use master;
2> GO
已将数据库上下文更改为 'master'。
1> restore database Archive from database_snapshot='Archive_snapshot';
2> GO
1> use Archive;
2> GO
已将数据库上下文更改为 'Archive'。
1> select * from t1;
2> GO
t_id        t_date
----------- --------------------
          1 2019-04-25

(1 行受影响)

在将源数据库Archive回复到快照创建时的状态后,表t1中只有一条记录。

在回复(Revert)操作期间,快照和源数据库是可用的并会被标记为“还原中”。如果在回复操作期间出现错误,该操作将会在数据库重新启动时尝试完成回复操作。当存在多个快照时是不能回复到其中任何一个快照的,所以首先我们应该把除了希望回复的快照以外的所有快照删除。删除一个快照的操作与drop database操作非常相似。在删除快照的同时,所有的NTFS稀疏文件也都被删除了。

需要注意下面的这些与数据库快照有关的附加注意事项:
.不能在model,master和tempdb数据库上创建快照(SQL Server内部可以为了对master数据库运行在线DBCC检查而为其创建一些快照,但是这些快照是不能显式创建的)。

1> drop database Archive_snapshot;
2> GO

.一个快照会从它的源数据库中继承安全约束,且由于快照是只读的,所以我们无法改变其权限。

.如果从源数据库中删除一个用户,该用户会继续留在快照中。

.不能备份或还原快照,但是能够正常备份源数据库;它并不受数据库快照的影响。

.不能附加或分离快照。

.数据库快照并不支持全文索引,全文目录不会从源数据库传播到快照中。

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因为修改windows管理员密码导致sql server 2005不能启动处理 http://www.jydba.net/index.php/archives/2619 http://www.jydba.net/index.php/archives/2619#comments Wed, 03 Apr 2019 09:04:10 +0000 http://www.jydba.net/?p=2619 由于修改了操作系统管理员密码,导致重启操作系统后Sql Server实例不能正常启动,错误信息如下:

查看事件查看器,在windows日志目录中点击系菜单,查看来源为Service Control Manager的错误信息可以看到错误原因如下

MSSQL$JY 服务无法使用当前配置的密码以 .\Administrator 身份登录,错误原因如下:
登录失败: 未知的用户名或错误密码。

接首查看下一个来源为Service Control Manager的错误信息可以看到错误原因如下:

由于下列错误,SQL Server (JY) 服务启动失败:
由于登录失败而无法启动服务。

由于登录失败而无法启动服务,而主要原因就是管理员用户密码被修改后与原来所记录的密码不对不能登录而导致不能启动。

修改 SQL Server(JY)服务登录选项卡中的用户密码有两种方式
1.通过SQL Server Configuration Manager来修改找到SQL Server(jy)右击—->属性,,选择登录选项卡,选择本帐户,重新输入管理员用户登录密码,点确定就OK了。

修改后点启动就可以了。

2.通过管理工具-服务,找到SQL Server(JY)点击属性,选择登录卡,修改此帐户选项中的管理员用户密码,修改后再启动就可以了。

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