月份：2021年1月

创建用户与组
创建组(在各个主机上执行)

mkgroup -'A' id='501' adms='root' oinstall
mkgroup -'A' id='502' adms='root' asmdba
mkgroup -'A' id='503' adms='root' asmoper
mkgroup -'A' id='504' adms='root' dba
mkgroup -'A' id='505' adms='root' oper
mkgroup -'A' id='506' adms='root' backdba
mkgroup -'A' id='507' adms='root' dgdba
mkgroup -'A' id='508' adms='root' racdba
mkgroup -'A' id='509' adms='root' kmdba

创建用户(在各个主机上执行)

mkuser id=601 pgrp=oinstall groups=dba,asmdba,oper,asmoper,backdba,dgdba,racdba,kmdba home=/home/oracle oracle

创建安装目录

mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db
mkdir -p /u01/temp

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
chmod -R 775 /u01

设置用户环境变量（用oracle用户来编辑.profile)

umask 022
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db
export ORACLE_SID=hxsy
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=hxsy
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss"
export PATH=.:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin
export PATH=${PATH}:$ORACLE_BASE/common/oracle/bin
export ORACLE_PATH=${PATH}:$ORACLE_BASE/common/oracle/sql:.:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
export THREADS_FLAG=native
export TEMP=/u01/tmp
export TMPDIR=/u01/tmp
export PS1=`hostname`:'$PWD'"$"

使用如下命令查看虚拟内存管理参数

vmo -L minperm%
vmo -L maxperm%
vmo -L maxclient%
vmo -L lru_file_repage
vmo -L strict_maxclient
vmo -L strict_maxperm

如果设置不合适，使用如下命令修改：

vmo -p -o minperm%=3
vmo -p -o maxperm%=90
vmo -p -o maxclient%=90
vmo -p -o lru_file_repage=0
vmo -p -o strict_maxclient=1
vmo -p -o strict_maxperm=0

检查网络参数设置
ephemeral参数：
使用命令no -a |fgrep ephemeral可以查看当前系统ephemeral参数设置，建议的参数设置如下

tcp_ephemeral_high = 65500
tcp_ephemeral_low = 9000
udp_ephemeral_high= 65500
udp_ephemeral_low = 9000

如果系统中参数设置和上述值不一样，使用命令修改：

#no -p -o tcp_ephemeral_low=9000 -o tcp_ephemeral_high=65500
#no -p -o udp_ephemeral_low=9000 -o udp_ephemeral_high=65500

使用如下命令修改网络可调整参数：

#no -p -o rfc1323=1
#no -r -o ipqmaxlen=512
#no -p -o ipqmaxlen=512
#no -p -o sb_max=4194304
#no -p -o tcp_recvspace=65536
#no -p -o tcp_sendspace=65536
#no -p -o udp_recvspace=1351680 该值是udp_sendspace的10倍，但须小于sb_max
#no -p -o udp_sendspace=135168

备注：-r表示reboot后生效，-p表示即刻生效.
检查内核参数maxuproc（建议16384）和ncargs（至少128）

#lsattr -E -l sys0 -a ncargs
#lsattr -E -l sys0 -a maxuproc

如果设置不合适使用如下命令修改：

#chdev -l sys0 -a ncargs=256
#chdev -l sys0 -a maxuproc=16384

解压数据库软件

aix1:/u01/soft$unzip -q AIX.PPC64_193000_db_home.zip -d $ORACLE_HOME

安装数据库软件
在$ORACLE_HOME/install/response目录中有一个安装rsp文件示例
配置响应文件

[oracle@ora19c ~]$ vi 19c_dbinstall.rsp
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v19.0.0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=oper
oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=backdba
oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dgdba
oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=kmdba
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=racdba
oracle.install.db.rootconfig.executeRootScript=true
oracle.install.db.rootconfig.configMethod=ROOT

执行安装

openaix1:/home/oracle$$ORACLE_HOME/runInstaller -silent  -force -noconfig  -ignorePrereq  -responseFile /home/oracle/19c_dbinstall.rsp

********************************************************************************

Your platform requires the root user to perform certain pre-installation
OS preparation.  The root user should run the shell script 'rootpre.sh' before
you proceed with Oracle installation. The rootpre.sh script can be found at:
/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db/clone/rootpre.sh

Answer 'y' if root has run 'rootpre.sh' so you can proceed with Oracle
installation.
Answer 'n' to abort installation and then ask root to run 'rootpre.sh'.

********************************************************************************

Has 'rootpre.sh' been run by root in this machine? [y/n] (n)
y
Launching Oracle Database Setup Wizard...


 Enter password for 'root' user: 
[WARNING] [INS-13014] Target environment does not meet some optional requirements.
   CAUSE: Some of the optional prerequisites are not met. See logs for details. installActions2020-11-17_01-49-09AM.log
   ACTION: Identify the list of failed prerequisite checks from the log: installActions2020-11-17_01-49-09AM.log. Then either from the log file or from installation manual find the appropriate configuration to meet the prerequisites and fix it manually.
The response file for this session can be found at:
 /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db/install/response/db_2020-11-17_01-49-09AM.rsp

You can find the log of this install session at:
 /u01/tmp/InstallActions2020-11-17_01-49-09AM/installActions2020-11-17_01-49-09AM.log
Successfully Setup Software with warning(s).
Moved the install session logs to:
 /u01/app/oraInventory/logs/InstallActions2020-11-17_01-49-09AM

配置监听
创建配置监听的响应文件
在/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db/assistants/netca/目录有一个示例文件

aix1:/home/oracle$vi 19c_netca.rsp
"19c_netca.rsp" [New file] 

[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="19.0"
CREATE_TYPE="CUSTOM"

[oracle.net.ca]
INSTALLED_COMPONENTS={"server","net8","javavm"}
INSTALL_TYPE=""typical""
LISTENER_NUMBER=1
LISTENER_NAMES={"LISTENER"}
LISTENER_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;1521"}
LISTENER_START=""LISTENER""
NAMING_METHODS={"TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAME"}
NSN_NUMBER=1
NSN_NAMES={"EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA"}
NSN_SERVICE={"PLSExtProc"}
NSN_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;HOSTNAME;1521"}


aix1:/home/oracle$netca /silent /responsefile /home/oracle/19c_netca.rsp
UnsatisfiedLinkError exception loading native library: njni19
java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: njni19 (Not found in java.library.path)
java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: oracle/net/common/NetGetEnv.jniGetOracleHome()Ljava/lang/String;
        at oracle.net.common.NetGetEnv.getOracleHome(Unknown Source)
        at oracle.net.ca.NetCALogger.getOracleHome(NetCALogger.java:230)
        at oracle.net.ca.NetCALogger.initOracleParameters(NetCALogger.java:215)
        at oracle.net.ca.NetCALogger.initLogger(NetCALogger.java:130)
        at oracle.net.ca.NetCA.main(NetCA.java:459)

Error: oracle/net/common/NetGetEnv.jniGetOracleHome()Ljava/lang/String;
Oracle Net Services configuration failed.  The exit code is 1


# lsdev | grep iocp
iocp0      Defined         I/O Completion Ports
# smitty iocp

# lsdev | grep iocp
iocp0      Available       I/O Completion Ports


aix1:/home/oracle$$ORACLE_HOME/bin/relink all 
writing relink log to: /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db/install/relinkActions2020-11-16_11-17-27PM.log

aix1:/home/oracle$netca /silent /responsefile /home/oracle/19c_netca.rsp

Parsing command line arguments:
    Parameter "silent" = true
    Parameter "responsefile" = /home/oracle/19c_netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:
    Running Listener Control: 
      /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
    Listener Control complete.
    Listener started successfully.
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0

aix1:/home/oracle$lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for IBM/AIX RISC System/6000: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 16-NOV-2020 23:24:53

Copyright (c) 1991, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=aix1)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for IBM/AIX RISC System/6000: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Start Date                16-NOV-2020 23:23:28
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 1 min. 27 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/aix1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=aix1)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully

创建数据库
创建配置数据库的响应文件
在/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db/assistants/dbca/目录中有一个示例文件

[oracle@ora19c install]$ cat /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db/assistants/dbca/dbca.rsp


aix1:/home/oracle$vi 19c_dbca.rsp
automaticMemoryManagement=TRUE
responseFileVersion=/oracle/assistants/rspfmt_dbca_response_schema_v19.0.0
templateName=General_Purpose.dbc
gdbName=hxsy
sid=hxsy
databaseConfigType=SI
createAsContainerDatabase=TRUE
numberOfPDBs=1
pdbName=hxsy1
useLocalUndoForPDBs=TRUE
pdbAdminPassword=hxsy_123456
sysPassword=hxsy_123456
systemPassword=hxsy_123456
storageType=FS
characterSet=ZHS16GBK
nationalCharacterSet=AL16UTF16
listeners=LISTENER
sampleSchema=TRUE
totalMemory 2048
databaseType=MULTIPURPOSE
automaticMemoryManagement=FALSE
totalMemory=4096

创建数据库

aix1:/home/oracle$dbca -silent  -createDatabase -responseFile /home/oracle/19c_dbca.rsp
[WARNING] [DBT-06208] The 'SYS' password entered does not conform to the Oracle recommended standards.
   CAUSE: 
a. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9].
b.The password entered is a keyword that Oracle does not recommend to be used as password
   ACTION: Specify a strong password. If required refer Oracle documentation for guidelines.
[WARNING] [DBT-06208] The 'SYSTEM' password entered does not conform to the Oracle recommended standards.
   CAUSE: 
a. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9].
b.The password entered is a keyword that Oracle does not recommend to be used as password
   ACTION: Specify a strong password. If required refer Oracle documentation for guidelines.
[WARNING] [DBT-06208] The 'PDBADMIN' password entered does not conform to the Oracle recommended standards.
   CAUSE: 
a. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9].
b.The password entered is a keyword that Oracle does not recommend to be used as password
   ACTION: Specify a strong password. If required refer Oracle documentation for guidelines.
Prepare for db operation
8% complete
Copying database files
31% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
32% complete
36% complete
40% complete
43% complete
46% complete
Completing Database Creation
51% complete
53% complete
54% complete
Creating Pluggable Databases
58% complete
77% complete
Executing Post Configuration Actions
100% complete
Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at:
 /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/hxsy.
Database Information:
Global Database Name:hxsy
System Identifier(SID):hxsy
Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/hxsy/hxsy.log" for further details.

给主库配置归档

SQL> archive log list
Database log mode              No Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Disabled
Archive destination            /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db/dbs/arch
Oldest online log sequence     5
Current log sequence           7


SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/arch' scope=both sid='*';

System altered.

SQL> show parameter log_archive_for

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
log_archive_format                   string      %t_%s_%r.dbf

SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

aix1:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db/dbs$sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Nov 16 16:32:33 2020
Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 3221222936 bytes
Fixed Size                  9303576 bytes
Variable Size             956301312 bytes
Database Buffers         2231369728 bytes
Redo Buffers               24248320 bytes
Database mounted.

SQL> alter database archivelog;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> show pdbs;

    CON_ID CON_NAME                       OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
         2 PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY  NO
         3 HXSY1                          MOUNTED

SQL> alter pluggable database hxsy1 open;

Pluggable database altered.

SQL> show pdbs;

    CON_ID CON_NAME                       OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
         2 PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY  NO
         3 HXSY1                          READ WRITE NO

这里主库已经启用了归档

启用force logging

SQL> alter database force logging;

Database altered.

SQL> select force_logging from v$database;

FORCE_LOGGING
---------------------------------------
YES

给备库创建密码文件
这里通过复制主库的密码文件来创建备库密码文件

openaix1:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db/dbs$scp oracle@aix1:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db/dbs/orapwhxsy /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db/dbs/
oracle@aix1's password: 
orapwhxsy                                                                                                                                                                                                 100% 2048   199.4KB/s   00:00    
openaix1:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db/dbs$ls -lrt
total 16
-rw-r--r--    1 oracle   oinstall       3079 May 16 2015  init.ora
-rw-r-----    1 oracle   oinstall       2048 Nov 17 16:40 orapwhxsy

给备库创建参数文件
使用主库的参数文件进行创建

SQL> create pfile from spfile;

File created.



aix1:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db/dbs$cat inithxsy.ora

*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/hxsy/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='19.0.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_name='hxsy'
*.db_unique_name='hxsy_dg'
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=hxsyXDB)'
*.enable_pluggable_database=true
*.local_listener='LISTENER_HXSY'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/arch valid_for=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) db_unique_name=hxsy_dg'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=hxsy LGWR ASYNC valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=hxsy'
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(hxsy,hxsy_dg)'
*.nls_language='AMERICAN'
*.nls_territory='AMERICA'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=1024m
*.processes=2560
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=3072m
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
--备库以备库角色运行时需要设置的参数
*.db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG'
*.fal_client='hxsy_dg'
*.fal_server='hxsy'
*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG'
*.standby_file_management='auto'

在备库主机上创建参数文件

openaix1:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db/dbs$vi inithxsy.ora
"inithxsy.ora" [New file] 
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/hxsy/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='19.0.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_name='hxsy'
*.db_unique_name='hxsy_dg'
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=hxsyXDB)'
*.enable_pluggable_database=true
*.local_listener='LISTENER_HXSY'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/arch valid_for=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) db_unique_name=hxsy_dg'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=hxsy LGWR ASYNC valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=hxsy'
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(hxsy,hxsy_dg)'
*.nls_language='AMERICAN'
*.nls_territory='AMERICA'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=1024m
*.processes=2560
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=3072m
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG'
*.fal_client='hxsy_dg'
*.fal_server='hxsy'
*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG'
*.standby_file_management='auto'

为主库和备库配置监听
主库

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = hxsy)
      (ORACLE_HOME =/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db)
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME=hxsy)
    )
  )

备库

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = hxsy)
      (ORACLE_HOME =/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db)
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME=hxsy_dg)
    )
  )

重启主库和备库的监听
主库:

aix1:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db/network/admin$lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for IBM/AIX RISC System/6000: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 16-NOV-2020 16:58:45

Copyright (c) 1991, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=aix1)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for IBM/AIX RISC System/6000: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Start Date                16-NOV-2020 16:58:06
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 39 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/aix1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=aix1)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "hxsy" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "hxsy", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

备库:

openaix1:/home/oracle$lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for IBM/AIX RISC System/6000: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 17-NOV-2020 17:01:03

Copyright (c) 1991, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for IBM/AIX RISC System/6000: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/openaix1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=openaix1)(PORT=1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=openaix1)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for IBM/AIX RISC System/6000: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Start Date                17-NOV-2020 17:01:04
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/openaix1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=openaix1)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "hxsy_dg" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "hxsy", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

为主库和备库创建Oracle Net服务名
主库:

HXSY =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.25.24.117)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = hxsy)
    )
  )


HXSY_DG =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.25.24.116)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = hxsy_dg)
      (UR=A)
    )
  )

备库:
使用备份创建备库

openaix1:/u01/app/oracle/oradata$sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Tue Nov 17 17:07:09 2020
Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 3221222936 bytes
Fixed Size                  9242136 bytes
Variable Size             754974720 bytes
Database Buffers         2449473536 bytes
Redo Buffers                7532544 bytes

aix1:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db/dbs$rman target sys/hxsy_123456@hxsy auxiliary sys/hxsy_123456@hxsy_dg

Recovery Manager: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Nov 16 17:23:03 2020
Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: HXSY (DBID=1728588152)
connected to auxiliary database: HXSY (not mounted)

RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database nofilenamecheck;

Starting Duplicate Db at 2020-11-16 17:23:12
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=2420 device type=DISK

contents of Memory Script:
{
   backup as copy reuse
   passwordfile auxiliary format  '/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db/dbs/orapwhxsy'   ;
}
executing Memory Script

Starting backup at 2020-11-16 17:23:14
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=2908 device type=DISK
Finished backup at 2020-11-16 17:23:16

contents of Memory Script:
{
   restore clone from service  'hxsy' standby controlfile;
}
executing Memory Script

Starting restore at 2020-11-16 17:23:16
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: using network backup set from service hxsy
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/control01.ctl
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/control02.ctl
Finished restore at 2020-11-16 17:23:22

contents of Memory Script:
{
   sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';
}
executing Memory Script

sql statement: alter database mount standby database

contents of Memory Script:
{
   set newname for tempfile  1 to 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/temp01.dbf";
   set newname for tempfile  2 to 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/pdbseed/temp012020-11-17_00-11-36-085-AM.dbf";
   set newname for tempfile  3 to 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/hxsy1/temp01.dbf";
   switch clone tempfile all;
   set newname for datafile  1 to 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/system01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  3 to 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/sysaux01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  4 to 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/undotbs01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  5 to 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/pdbseed/system01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  6 to 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  7 to 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/users01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  8 to 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  9 to 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/hxsy1/system01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  10 to 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/hxsy1/sysaux01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  11 to 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/hxsy1/undotbs01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  12 to 
 "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/hxsy1/users01.dbf";
   restore
   from  nonsparse   from service 
 'hxsy'   clone database
   ;
   sql 'alter system archive log current';
}
executing Memory Script

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

renamed tempfile 1 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/temp01.dbf in control file
renamed tempfile 2 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/pdbseed/temp012020-11-17_00-11-36-085-AM.dbf in control file
renamed tempfile 3 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/hxsy1/temp01.dbf in control file

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

Starting restore at 2020-11-16 17:23:32
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: using network backup set from service hxsy
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/system01.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: using network backup set from service hxsy
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:16
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: using network backup set from service hxsy
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: using network backup set from service hxsy
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/pdbseed/system01.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: using network backup set from service hxsy
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:16
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: using network backup set from service hxsy
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00007 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/users01.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: using network backup set from service hxsy
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00008 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: using network backup set from service hxsy
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00009 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/hxsy1/system01.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: using network backup set from service hxsy
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00010 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/hxsy1/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: using network backup set from service hxsy
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00011 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/hxsy1/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: using network backup set from service hxsy
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00012 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/hxsy1/users01.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
Finished restore at 2020-11-16 17:25:31

sql statement: alter system archive log current

contents of Memory Script:
{
   switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script

datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=1056734739 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/system01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=1056734739 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=1056734740 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=7 STAMP=1056734740 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/pdbseed/system01.dbf
datafile 6 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=8 STAMP=1056734740 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 7 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=9 STAMP=1056734740 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/users01.dbf
datafile 8 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=10 STAMP=1056734740 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 9 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=11 STAMP=1056734740 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/hxsy1/system01.dbf
datafile 10 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=12 STAMP=1056734740 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/hxsy1/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 11 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=13 STAMP=1056734740 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/hxsy1/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 12 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=14 STAMP=1056734740 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/hxsy1/users01.dbf
Finished Duplicate Db at 2020-11-16 17:25:45

openaix1:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG$sqlplus / as sysdba 

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Tue Nov 17 17:26:54 2020
Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0

SQL> select instance_name,status from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME    STATUS
---------------- ------------
hxsy             MOUNTED

SQL> show parameter db_unique_name

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_unique_name                       string      hxsy_dg

SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/system01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/undotbs01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/pdbseed/system01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/users01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/hxsy1/system01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/hxsy1/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/hxsy1/undotbs01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/hxsy1/users01.dbf

11 rows selected.

对物理备库创建备重做日志文件
查询主库的联机重做日志文件，备重做日志文件的大小应该与主库联机重做日志文件的大小相同，备重做日志文件组的数量应该比主库联机重做日志文件组多一组，计算公式为

(maximum # of logfiles +1) * maximum # of threads 

aix1:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db/dbs$sqlplus sys/hxsy_123456@hxsy as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Nov 16 17:28:21 2020
Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0

SQL>  select member from v$logfile;

MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY/redo03.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY/redo02.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY/redo01.log


SQL> select group#,thread#,bytes/1024/1024 from v$log;

    GROUP#    THREAD# BYTES/1024/1024
---------- ---------- ---------------
         1          1             200
         2          1             200
         3          1             200



SQL> select member from v$logfile;

MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/redo03.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/redo02.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/redo01.log

SQL> select group#,thread#,bytes/1024/1024 from v$log;

    GROUP#    THREAD# BYTES/1024/1024
---------- ---------- ---------------
         1          1             200
         3          1             200
         2          1             200

备库:

SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 4('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/redo04.log') size 200M;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 5('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/redo05.log') size 200M;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 6('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/redo06.log') size 200M;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 7('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/redo07.log') size 200M;

Database altered.

主库:

SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 4('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY/redo04.log') size 200M;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 5('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY/redo05.log') size 200M;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 6('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY/redo06.log') size 200M;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 7('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY/redo07.log') size 200M;

Database altered.

设置主库相关初始化参数

log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(hxsy,hxsy_dg)'
log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/arch valid_for=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) db_unique_name=hxsy'
log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=hxsy_dg LGWR ASYNC valid_for=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) db_unique_name=hxsy_dg'
log_archive_dest_state_1=enable
log_archive_dest_state_2=enable
remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive
log_archive_format= %t_%s_%r.dbf
log_archive_max_processes=30

主库以备库角色运行时需要额外设置的参数。这些参数当主库被转换为备库角色运行时生效:

fal_server='hxsy_dg'
fal_client='hxsy'
db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY'
log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY'
standby_file_management='auto'

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/arch valid_for=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) db_unique_name=hxsy' scope=both sid='*';

System altered.

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=hxsy_dg LGWR ASYNC valid_for=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) db_unique_name=hxsy_dg'scope=both sid='*';

System altered.

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1=enable scope=both sid='*';

System altered.

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable scope=both sid='*';

System altered.


SQL> alter system set log_archive_max_processes=30 scope=both sid='*';

System altered.

SQL> alter system set fal_server='hxsy_dg' scope=both sid='*';

System altered.

SQL> alter system set fal_client='hxsy' scope=both sid='*';

System altered.

SQL> alter system set db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY' scope=spfile sid='*';

System altered.

SQL> alter system set log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY' scope=spfile sid='*';

System altered.

SQL> alter system set standby_file_management='auto' scope=both sid='*';

System altered.


SQL> alter system set log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(hxsy,hxsy_dg)' scope=both sid='*';

System altered.



SQL> select name, database_role, open_mode from gv$database;

NAME      DATABASE_ROLE    OPEN_MODE
--------- ---------------- --------------------
HXSY      PRIMARY          READ WRITE


SQL> select name, database_role, open_mode from gv$database;

NAME      DATABASE_ROLE    OPEN_MODE
--------- ---------------- --------------------
HXSY      PHYSICAL STANDBY READ ONLY

使用alter database语句来启用实时应用功能:
.对于物理备库执行alter database recover managed standby database(在Oracle 12.1中需要指定current logfile子句来启用实时应用，但在12.2中不再需要)。

在备库节点上执行实时重做应用

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

Database altered.

alert日志信息如下

# tail -f /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/hxsy_dg/hxsy/trace/alert_hxsy.log
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 202 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 202: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/pdbseed/temp012020-11-17_00-11-36-085-AM.dbf'
2020-11-17T17:47:58.239174-06:00
File 202 not verified due to error ORA-01157
2020-11-17T17:47:58.390428-06:00
PDB$SEED(2):Re-creating tempfile /u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/pdbseed/temp012020-11-17_00-11-36-085-AM.dbf
2020-11-17T17:47:59.013123-06:00
PDB$SEED(2):Opening pdb with no Resource Manager plan active
Physical standby database opened for read only access.
Completed: alter database open
2020-11-17T17:50:46.966690-06:00
Warning: ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE has been deprecated.
Warning: ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE has been deprecated.
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session
2020-11-17T17:50:47.069179-06:00
Attempt to start background Managed Standby Recovery process (hxsy)
Starting background process MRP0
2020-11-17T17:50:47.296690-06:00
MRP0 started with pid=67, OS id=10682718 
2020-11-17T17:50:47.329349-06:00
Background Managed Standby Recovery process started (hxsy)
2020-11-17T17:50:52.560871-06:00
 Started logmerger process
2020-11-17T17:50:52.734970-06:00

IM on ADG: Start of Empty Journal 

IM on ADG: End of Empty Journal 
PR00 (PID:12190072): Managed Standby Recovery starting Real Time Apply
max_pdb is 3
2020-11-17T17:50:54.165887-06:00
Parallel Media Recovery started with 8 slaves
2020-11-17T17:50:54.389175-06:00
stopping change tracking
2020-11-17T17:50:54.609199-06:00
PR00 (PID:12190072): Media Recovery Log /u01/app/oracle/arch/1_7_1056672314.dbf
2020-11-17T17:50:54.799176-06:00
PR00 (PID:12190072): Media Recovery Log /u01/app/oracle/arch/1_8_1056672314.dbf
2020-11-17T17:50:54.877923-06:00
TT02 (PID:12779914): Waiting for all non-current ORLs to be archived
2020-11-17T17:50:54.987923-06:00
TT02 (PID:12779914): All non-current ORLs have been archived
2020-11-17T17:50:55.311006-06:00
Completed: alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session
2020-11-17T17:50:55.335874-06:00
PR00 (PID:12190072): Media Recovery Waiting for T-1.S-9 (in transit)
2020-11-17T17:50:55.376975-06:00
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 4 Seq 9 Reading mem 0
2020-11-17T17:50:55.412407-06:00
  Mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/redo04.log

在主库创建表空间test

SQL> create tablespace test datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY/test01.dbf' size 50M;

Tablespace created.


SQL>  select tablespace_name from dba_tablespaces;

TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------
SYSTEM
SYSAUX
UNDOTBS1
TEMP
USERS
TEST

6 rows selected.

SQL> select con_id,ts#,name from v$tablespace;

    CON_ID        TS# NAME
---------- ---------- ------------------------------
         1          1 SYSAUX
         1          0 SYSTEM
         1          2 UNDOTBS1
         1          4 USERS
         1          3 TEMP
         2          0 SYSTEM
         2          1 SYSAUX
         2          2 UNDOTBS1
         2          3 TEMP
         3          0 SYSTEM
         3          1 SYSAUX

    CON_ID        TS# NAME
---------- ---------- ------------------------------
         3          2 UNDOTBS1
         3          3 TEMP
         3          5 USERS
         1          6 TEST

15 rows selected.

SQL> select ts#,name from v$datafile where ts#=6 and con_id=1;

       TS# NAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
         6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY/test01.dbf

备库alert日志如下:

Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 4 Seq 9 Reading mem 0
2020-11-17T17:50:55.412407-06:00
  Mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/redo04.log
2020-11-17T17:52:48.412685-06:00
Recovery created file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/test01.dbf
2020-11-17T17:52:48.453155-06:00
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/hxsy_dg/hxsy/trace/hxsy_dbw0_7602670.trc:
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 203 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 203: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/hxsy1/temp01.dbf'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
IBM AIX RISC System/6000 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 7
Successfully added datafile 13 to media recovery
Datafile #13: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/test01.dbf'
2020-11-17T17:53:13.126690-06:00
Control autobackup written to DISK device

备库:

SQL> select tablespace_name from dba_tablespaces;

TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------
SYSTEM
SYSAUX
UNDOTBS1
TEMP
USERS
TEST

6 rows selected.

SQL> select con_id,ts#,name from v$tablespace;

    CON_ID        TS# NAME
---------- ---------- ------------------------------
         1          1 SYSAUX
         1          0 SYSTEM
         1          2 UNDOTBS1
         1          4 USERS
         1          3 TEMP
         2          0 SYSTEM
         2          1 SYSAUX
         2          2 UNDOTBS1
         2          3 TEMP
         3          0 SYSTEM
         3          1 SYSAUX

    CON_ID        TS# NAME
---------- ---------- ------------------------------
         3          2 UNDOTBS1
         3          3 TEMP
         3          5 USERS
         1          6 TEST

15 rows selected.

SQL> select ts#,name from v$datafile where ts#=6 and con_id=1;

       TS# NAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
         6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/HXSY_DG/test01.dbf

验证
主库:

SQL> create table t1 as select * from dba_users;

Table created.

SQL> select count(*) from t1;

  COUNT(*)
----------
        36


SQL> create table t2(id number(20),name varchar2(20));

Table created.

SQL> insert into t2 values(1,'jy');

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> update t2 set name='hy' where id=1;

1 row updated.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> delete from t2;

1 row deleted.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> create table t3(id number(20),name varchar2(20)) tablespace test;

Table created.

SQL> insert into t3 values(1,'jy');

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

备库

SQL> select count(*) from t1;

  COUNT(*)
----------
        36

SQL> desc t2;
 Name                                      Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 ID                                                 NUMBER(20)
 NAME                                               VARCHAR2(20)

SQL> select * from t2;

        ID NAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
         1 jy

SQL> select * from t2;

        ID NAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
         1 hy

SQL> select * from t2;

no rows selected

SQL> 
SQL> 
SQL> desc t3;
 Name                                      Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 ID                                                 NUMBER(20)
 NAME                                               VARCHAR2(20)

SQL> select * from t3;

        ID NAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
         1 jy

验证物理备库是否执行正确
在创建物理备库后并且设置重做传输服务，可能想要验证主库的数据库修改是否会成功的传输到备库。对于备库可以查询v$managed_standby视图来验证重做是否被从主库传输到备库并应用。

SQL> select client_process,process,thread#,sequence#,status from v$managed_standby where client_process='LGWR' or process='MRP0';

CLIENT_P PROCESS      THREAD#  SEQUENCE# STATUS
-------- --------- ---------- ---------- ------------
LGWR     RFS                1          9 IDLE
N/A      MRP0               1          9 APPLYING_LOG

上面的查询对于使用CLIENT_PROCESS为LGWR的主库会显示一行记录，它指示重做传输工作正常并且主重做线程将会被发送到备库。 如果主库是RAC数据库，那么对于使用CLIENT_PROCESS为LGWR的当前活动的每个主库实例都会显示一行记录。

上面的查询对于MRP也行显示一行。如果MRP的状态显示为APPLYING_LOG并且SEQUENCE#等于主库当前正被发送的日志序列号，那么备库已经解决了所有的日志差异并且当前处于实时应用日志模式。

查询主库当前正被发送日志的序列号为9与上面的MRP进程所显示的sequence#(9)相同

SQL> select group#,thread#,sequence#,status from v$log;

    GROUP#    THREAD#  SEQUENCE# STATUS
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------------
         1          1          7 INACTIVE
         2          1          8 INACTIVE
         3          1          9 CURRENT

注意MRP进程可能显示的sequence#比主库当前被发送的日志序列号小，那么这就表示正在应用的归档重做日志文件与发送的日志文件之间存在差异并且它并没有赶上。一旦所有差异被解决，相同的查询将显示MRP正在应用当前sequence#。

在openPower服务器上安装Oracle 19C
1.创建用户与组
1.1.创建组(在各个主机上执行)

mkgroup -'A' id='501' adms='root' oinstall
mkgroup -'A' id='502' adms='root' asmdba
mkgroup -'A' id='503' adms='root' asmoper
mkgroup -'A' id='504' adms='root' dba
mkgroup -'A' id='505' adms='root' oper
mkgroup -'A' id='506' adms='root' backdba
mkgroup -'A' id='507' adms='root' dgdba
mkgroup -'A' id='508' adms='root' racdba
mkgroup -'A' id='509' adms='root' kmdba

1.2.创建用户(在各个主机上执行)

mkuser id=601 pgrp=oinstall groups=dba,asmdba,oper,asmoper,backdba,dgdba,racdba,kmdba home=/home/oracle oracle

创建安装目录

mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db
mkdir -p /u01/temp

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
chmod -R 775 /u01

2.设置用户环境变量（用oracle用户来编辑.profile)

umask 022
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db
export ORACLE_SID=hxsy
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=hxsy
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss"
export PATH=.:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin
export PATH=${PATH}:$ORACLE_BASE/common/oracle/bin
export ORACLE_PATH=${PATH}:$ORACLE_BASE/common/oracle/sql:.:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
export THREADS_FLAG=native
export TEMP=/u01/tmp
export TMPDIR=/u01/tmp
export PS1=`hostname`:'$PWD'"$"

3.使用如下命令查看虚拟内存管理参数

vmo -L minperm%
vmo -L maxperm%
vmo -L maxclient%
vmo -L lru_file_repage
vmo -L strict_maxclient
vmo -L strict_maxperm

4.如果设置不合适，使用如下命令修改：

vmo -p -o minperm%=3
vmo -p -o maxperm%=90
vmo -p -o maxclient%=90
vmo -p -o lru_file_repage=0
vmo -p -o strict_maxclient=1
vmo -p -o strict_maxperm=0

5.检查网络参数设置
ephemeral参数：
5.1 使用命令no -a |fgrep ephemeral可以查看当前系统ephemeral参数设置，建议的参数设置如下

tcp_ephemeral_high = 65500
tcp_ephemeral_low = 9000
udp_ephemeral_high= 65500
udp_ephemeral_low = 9000

如果系统中参数设置和上述值不一样，使用命令修改：

#no -p -o tcp_ephemeral_low=9000 -o tcp_ephemeral_high=65500
#no -p -o udp_ephemeral_low=9000 -o udp_ephemeral_high=65500

使用如下命令修改网络可调整参数：

#no -p -o rfc1323=1
#no -r -o ipqmaxlen=512
#no -p -o ipqmaxlen=512
#no -p -o sb_max=4194304
#no -p -o tcp_recvspace=65536
#no -p -o tcp_sendspace=65536
#no -p -o udp_recvspace=1351680 该值是udp_sendspace的10倍，但须小于sb_max
#no -p -o udp_sendspace=135168

备注：-r表示reboot后生效，-p表示即刻生效.
检查内核参数maxuproc（建议16384）和ncargs（至少128）

#lsattr -E -l sys0 -a ncargs
#lsattr -E -l sys0 -a maxuproc

如果设置不合适使用如下命令修改：

#chdev -l sys0 -a ncargs=256
#chdev -l sys0 -a maxuproc=16384

6.解压数据库软件

aix1:/u01/soft$unzip -q AIX.PPC64_193000_db_home.zip -d $ORACLE_HOME

7.安装数据库软件
在$ORACLE_HOME/install/response目录中有一个安装rsp文件示例
7.1.配置响应文件

[oracle@ora19c ~]$ vi 19c_dbinstall.rsp
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v19.0.0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=oper
oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=backdba
oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dgdba
oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=kmdba
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=racdba
oracle.install.db.rootconfig.executeRootScript=true
oracle.install.db.rootconfig.configMethod=ROOT

8.执行安装

openaix1:/home/oracle$$ORACLE_HOME/runInstaller -silent  -force -noconfig  -ignorePrereq  -responseFile /home/oracle/19c_dbinstall.rsp

********************************************************************************

Your platform requires the root user to perform certain pre-installation
OS preparation.  The root user should run the shell script 'rootpre.sh' before
you proceed with Oracle installation. The rootpre.sh script can be found at:
/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db/clone/rootpre.sh

Answer 'y' if root has run 'rootpre.sh' so you can proceed with Oracle
installation.
Answer 'n' to abort installation and then ask root to run 'rootpre.sh'.

********************************************************************************

Has 'rootpre.sh' been run by root in this machine? [y/n] (n)
y
Launching Oracle Database Setup Wizard...


 Enter password for 'root' user:
[WARNING] [INS-13014] Target environment does not meet some optional requirements.
   CAUSE: Some of the optional prerequisites are not met. See logs for details. installActions2020-11-17_01-49-09AM.log
   ACTION: Identify the list of failed prerequisite checks from the log: installActions2020-11-17_01-49-09AM.log. Then either from the log file or from installation manual find the appropriate configuration to meet the prerequisites and fix it manually.
The response file for this session can be found at:
 /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db/install/response/db_2020-11-17_01-49-09AM.rsp

You can find the log of this install session at:
 /u01/tmp/InstallActions2020-11-17_01-49-09AM/installActions2020-11-17_01-49-09AM.log
Successfully Setup Software with warning(s).
Moved the install session logs to:
 /u01/app/oraInventory/logs/InstallActions2020-11-17_01-49-09AM

9.配置监听
创建配置监听的响应文件
在/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db/assistants/netca/目录有一个示例文件

aix1:/home/oracle$vi 19c_netca.rsp
"19c_netca.rsp" [New file]

[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="19.0"
CREATE_TYPE="CUSTOM"

[oracle.net.ca]
INSTALLED_COMPONENTS={"server","net8","javavm"}
INSTALL_TYPE=""typical""
LISTENER_NUMBER=1
LISTENER_NAMES={"LISTENER"}
LISTENER_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;1521"}
LISTENER_START=""LISTENER""
NAMING_METHODS={"TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAME"}
NSN_NUMBER=1
NSN_NAMES={"EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA"}
NSN_SERVICE={"PLSExtProc"}
NSN_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;HOSTNAME;1521"}


aix1:/home/oracle$netca /silent /responsefile /home/oracle/19c_netca.rsp
UnsatisfiedLinkError exception loading native library: njni19
java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: njni19 (Not found in java.library.path)
java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: oracle/net/common/NetGetEnv.jniGetOracleHome()Ljava/lang/String;
        at oracle.net.common.NetGetEnv.getOracleHome(Unknown Source)
        at oracle.net.ca.NetCALogger.getOracleHome(NetCALogger.java:230)
        at oracle.net.ca.NetCALogger.initOracleParameters(NetCALogger.java:215)
        at oracle.net.ca.NetCALogger.initLogger(NetCALogger.java:130)
        at oracle.net.ca.NetCA.main(NetCA.java:459)

Error: oracle/net/common/NetGetEnv.jniGetOracleHome()Ljava/lang/String;
Oracle Net Services configuration failed.  The exit code is 1


# lsdev | grep iocp
iocp0      Defined         I/O Completion Ports
# smitty iocp

# lsdev | grep iocp
iocp0      Available       I/O Completion Ports


aix1:/home/oracle$$ORACLE_HOME/bin/relink all
writing relink log to: /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db/install/relinkActions2020-11-16_11-17-27PM.log

aix1:/home/oracle$netca /silent /responsefile /home/oracle/19c_netca.rsp

Parsing command line arguments:
    Parameter "silent" = true
    Parameter "responsefile" = /home/oracle/19c_netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:
    Running Listener Control:
      /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
    Listener Control complete.
    Listener started successfully.
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0

aix1:/home/oracle$lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for IBM/AIX RISC System/6000: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 16-NOV-2020 23:24:53

Copyright (c) 1991, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=aix1)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for IBM/AIX RISC System/6000: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Start Date                16-NOV-2020 23:23:28
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 1 min. 27 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/aix1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=aix1)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully

10.创建数据库
10.1 创建配置数据库的响应文件
在/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db/assistants/dbca/目录中有一个示例文件

[oracle@ora19c install]$ cat /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db/assistants/dbca/dbca.rsp


aix1:/home/oracle$vi 19c_dbca.rsp
automaticMemoryManagement=TRUE
responseFileVersion=/oracle/assistants/rspfmt_dbca_response_schema_v19.0.0
templateName=General_Purpose.dbc
gdbName=hxsy
sid=hxsy
databaseConfigType=SI
createAsContainerDatabase=TRUE
numberOfPDBs=1
pdbName=hxsy1
useLocalUndoForPDBs=TRUE
pdbAdminPassword=hxsy_123456
sysPassword=hxsy_123456
systemPassword=hxsy_123456
storageType=FS
characterSet=ZHS16GBK
nationalCharacterSet=AL16UTF16
listeners=LISTENER
sampleSchema=TRUE
totalMemory 2048
databaseType=MULTIPURPOSE
automaticMemoryManagement=FALSE
totalMemory=4096

11.创建数据库

aix1:/home/oracle$dbca -silent  -createDatabase -responseFile /home/oracle/19c_dbca.rsp
[WARNING] [DBT-06208] The 'SYS' password entered does not conform to the Oracle recommended standards.
   CAUSE:
a. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9].
b.The password entered is a keyword that Oracle does not recommend to be used as password
   ACTION: Specify a strong password. If required refer Oracle documentation for guidelines.
[WARNING] [DBT-06208] The 'SYSTEM' password entered does not conform to the Oracle recommended standards.
   CAUSE:
a. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9].
b.The password entered is a keyword that Oracle does not recommend to be used as password
   ACTION: Specify a strong password. If required refer Oracle documentation for guidelines.
[WARNING] [DBT-06208] The 'PDBADMIN' password entered does not conform to the Oracle recommended standards.
   CAUSE:
a. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9].
b.The password entered is a keyword that Oracle does not recommend to be used as password
   ACTION: Specify a strong password. If required refer Oracle documentation for guidelines.
Prepare for db operation
8% complete
Copying database files
31% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
32% complete
36% complete
40% complete
43% complete
46% complete
Completing Database Creation
51% complete
53% complete
54% complete
Creating Pluggable Databases
58% complete
77% complete
Executing Post Configuration Actions
100% complete
Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at:
 /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/hxsy.
Database Information:
Global Database Name:hxsy
System Identifier(SID):hxsy
Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/hxsy/hxsy.log" for further details.

12.验证是否可以登录数据库

aix1:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/db/dbs$sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Nov 16 16:32:33 2020
Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 3221222936 bytes
Fixed Size                  9303576 bytes
Variable Size             956301312 bytes
Database Buffers         2231369728 bytes
Redo Buffers               24248320 bytes
Database mounted.

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> show pdbs;

    CON_ID CON_NAME                       OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
         2 PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY  NO
         3 HXSY1                          MOUNTED

SQL> alter pluggable database hxsy1 open;

Pluggable database altered.

SQL> show pdbs;

    CON_ID CON_NAME                       OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
         2 PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY  NO
         3 HXSY1                          READ WRITE NO

使用DMRMAN执行归档修复
使用REPAIR命令完成指定数据库的归档修复，归档修复会将目标库dmarch.ini中配置的所有本地归档日志目录执行修复。若目标库没有配置本地归档，则不执行修复。执行修复时，目标库一定不能处于运行状态。一般建议在数据库故障后，应立即执行归档修复，否则后续还原恢复导致联机日志中未刷入本地归档的REDO日志丢失，届时再利用本地归档恢复将无法恢复到故障前的最新状态。

语法如下：

REPAIR DATABASE < 'INI文件路径'>;

INI文件路径：指定待修复归档的数据库对应的dm.ini路径。
使用说明：
1) 单机环境时，确保目标库已经停止工作后，执行归档修复。

RMAN> repair archivelog database '/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/jydm/dm.ini';
repair archivelog database '/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/jydm/dm.ini';
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/jydm] is running...[4].
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/jydm] is running...[3].
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/jydm] is running...[2].
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/jydm] is running...[1].
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/jydm] is running...[0].
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/jydm] is running, write dmrman info.
EP[0] max_lsn: 20383733
repair archive log successfully.
repair time used: 6027.359(ms)
time used: 6027.438(ms)

2) RAC环境时，需要每个节点停止工作后，且每个节点独立执行修复操作。对于两节点RAC01、RAC02执行修复如下。

RMAN> repair archivelog database '/dm7/data/rac0_config/dm.ini';
repair archivelog database '/dm7/data/rac0_config/dm.ini';
checking if the RAC database under system path [+DMDATA/data/rac] is running....
EP [0] is checking....
EP [1] is checking....
EP[0] max_lsn: 80140
repair archive log successfully.
repair time used: 2237.302(ms)
time used: 2237.565(ms)

RMAN> repair archivelog database '/dm7/data/rac1_config/dm.ini';
repair archivelog database '/dm7/data/rac1_config/dm.ini';
file dm.key not found, use default license!
checking if the RAC database under system path [+DMDATA/data/rac] is running....
EP [0] is checking....
EP [1] is checking....
EP[1] max_lsn: 80023
EP[1] adjust cur_lsn from [80023] to [80140]
repair archive log successfully.
repair time used: 2262.513(ms)
time used: 2262.719(ms)

使用DMRMAN执行归档还原
使用RESTORE命令完成脱机还原归档操作，在还原语句中指定归档备份集。备份集可以是脱机归档备份集，也可以是联机归档备份集。
语法如下：

RESTORE FROM BACKUPSET '< 备份集目录>'
[DEVICE TYPE DISK|TAPE[PARMS '< 介质参数>']]
[IDENTIFIED BY < 密码> [ENCRYPT WITH < 加密算法>]]
[TASK THREAD < 任务线程数>] [NOT PARALLEL]
[ALL | [FROM LSN ] | [UNTIL LSN ] | [LSN BETWEEN < lsn值> AND < lsn值>] | [FROM TIME '时间串'] | [UNTIL TIME '时间串'] | [TIME BETWEEN '时间串' AND '时间串'] ]
TO < 还原目录>
[OVERWRITE level];
< 还原目录>：：=
ARCHIVEDIR '< 归档目录>' |
DATABASE ''

BACKUPSET：指定用于还原目标数据库的备份集目录。若指定为相对路径，会在默认备份目录下搜索备份集。
DEVICE TYPE：指存储备份集的介质类型，支持DISK和TAPE，默认为DISK。DISK表示备份集存储介质为磁盘，TAPE表示存储介质为磁带。
PARMS：介质参数，供第三方存储介质（TAPE类型）管理使用。
IDENTIFIED BY：指定备份时使用的加密密码，供还原过程解密使用。
ENCRYPT WITH：指定备份时使用的加密算法，供还原过程解密使用，若未指定，则使用默认算法。
TASK THREAD：指定还原过程中用于处理解压缩和解密任务的线程个数。若未指定，则默认为4；若指定为0，调整为1；若指定超过当前系统主机核数，则调整为当前核数。
NOT PARALLEL：指定并行备份集使用非并行方式还原。对于非并行备份集，不论是否指定该关键字，均采用非并行还原。
ALL：备份所有的归档。
FROM LSN， FROM TIME：指定备份的开始LSN或者开始的时间点。
UNTIL LSN， UNTIL TIME：指定备份的截止LSN或者截止的时间点。
BETWEEN … AND …：指定备份的区间，仅仅指备份区间内的归档文件。
< 还原目录>：用户可以指定还原到指定的目录ARCHIVEDIR，也可以指定还原指定的库的目录DATABASE。
OVERWRITE：还原归档时，如果遇到归档已经存在的处理，1：跳过已存在的归档日志，继续其他日志的还原。跳过的信息会生成一条日志记录在安装目录/log/dm_BAKRES_年月.log里；2：直接报错返回；3：强制覆盖存在的归档日志。缺省为1。

使用说明：
1) 联机备份归档，保证数据库运行在归档模式及OPEN状态。

SQL> backup archivelog all backupset '/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/jydm/bak/arch_all_for_restore';
executed successfully
used time: 00:00:44.498. Execute id is 208.

2) 校验备份，校验待还原备份集的合法性。校验备份有两种方式，联机和脱机，此处使用脱机校验。

RMAN> check backupset '/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/jydm/bak/arch_all_for_restore';
check backupset '/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/jydm/bak/arch_all_for_restore';
CMD END.CODE:[0]
check backupset successfully.
time used: 18.193(ms)

3) 还原归档。启动DMRMAN，设置OVERWRITE为2，如果归档文件已存在，会报错。

RMAN> restore archivelog from backupset '/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/jydm/bak/arch_all_for_restore' to database '/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/jydm/dm.ini' overwrite 2;
restore archivelog from backupset '/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/jydm/bak/arch_all_for_restore' to database '/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/jydm/dm.ini' overwrite 2;
file dm.key not found, use default license!
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/jydm] is running...[4].
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/jydm] is running...[3].
the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/jydm] is running.
[-102]:DM server is already running

[root@shard1 jydm]# service DmServicejydm stop
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl stop  DmServicejydm.service


RMAN> restore archivelog from backupset '/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/jydm/bak/arch_all_for_restore' to database '/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/jydm/dm.ini' overwrite 2;
restore archivelog from backupset '/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/jydm/bak/arch_all_for_restore' to database '/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/jydm/dm.ini' overwrite 2;
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/jydm] is running...[4].
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/jydm] is running...[3].
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/jydm] is running...[2].
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/jydm] is running...[1].
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/jydm] is running...[0].
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/jydm] is running, write dmrman info.
RESTORE ARCHIVE CHECK......
RESTORE ARCHIVE, dbf collect......
RESTORE ARCHIVE, dbf refresh ......
CMD END.CODE:[-8354],DESC:[for the archive file conflicted, restore failed]
[-8354]:for the archive file conflicted, restore failed

或者
RMAN> restore archivelog from backupset ‘/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/jydm/bak/arch_all_for_restore’ to archivedir ‘/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/jydm/bak/arch’ overwrite 2;
restore archivelog from backupset ‘/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/jydm/bak/arch_all_for_restore’ to archivedir ‘/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/jydm/bak/arch’ overwrite 2;
RESTORE ARCHIVE CHECK……
RESTORE ARCHIVE, dbf collect……
RESTORE ARCHIVE, dbf refresh ……
RESTORE BACKUPSET [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/jydm/bak/arch_all_for_restore] START……
total 30 packages processed…
total 67 packages processed…
total 68 packages processed!
CMD END.CODE:[0]

restore successfully.
time used: 28142.800(ms)

使用DMRAMN对多次故障恢复后使用不同数据库的归档进行恢复
在实际应用中可能会遇到以下还原场景：
1) 创建一个数据库D1。
2) 操作数据库并执行数据库备份B1。
3) 继续操作数据库的过程中数据库故障，此时生成的归档为A1。
4) 利用备份B1和归档A1将数据库D1恢复到目标库D2，此时数据库D2为D1故障前的状态。
5) 启动数据库D2，操作数据库过程中数据库第二次故障，此时生成的归档为A2。
归档A1、A2属于不同的数据库，使用备份B1和归档A1、A2是否可以恢复数据库到第二次故障发生前的状态呢?下面将举例详细说明如何使用不同数据库的归档恢复数据库到最新状态，具体步骤如下：

1) 创建源库D1，即待备份的数据库，然后启动数据库并配置归档，归档目录为1) 创建源库D1，即待备份的数据库，然后启动数据库并配置归档，归档目录为/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d1_arch。

[dmdba@shard1 data]$ dminit path=/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data db_name=d1 instance_name=d1 port_num=5237 unicode_flag=0
initdb V7.1.6.46-Build(2018.02.08-89107)ENT
db version: 0x7000a
file dm.key not found, use default license!
License will expire on 2020-07-03

 log file path: /dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d1/d101.log


 log file path: /dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d1/d102.log

write to dir [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d1].
create dm database success. 2020-06-19 16:47:51


[root@shard1 root]# ./dm_service_installer.sh -i /dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d1/dm.ini -p d1 -t dmserver
ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/DmServiced1.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/DmServiced1.service'
Finished to create the service (DmServiced1)
[root@shard1 root]# service DmServiced1 start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start  DmServiced1.service

–连接数据库配置归档

[dmdba@shard1 ~]$ disql SYSDBA/SYSDBA@localhost:5237

Server[localhost:5237]:mode is normal, state is open
login used time: 9.972(ms)
disql V7.1.6.46-Build(2018.02.08-89107)ENT
Connected to: DM 7.1.6.46
SQL> alter database mount;
executed successfully
used time: 00:00:01.845. Execute id is 0.
SQL> alter database add archivelog 'dest=/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d1_arch,type=local,file_size=256,space_limit=10240';
executed successfully
used time: 22.257(ms). Execute id is 0.
SQL> alter database archivelog;
executed successfully
used time: 31.716(ms). Execute id is 0.
SQL> alter database open;
executed successfully
used time: 823.762(ms). Execute id is 0.
SQL> select permanent_magic;

LINEID     PERMANENT_MAGIC
---------- ---------------
1          -836921674

used time: 2.193(ms). Execute id is 807.
SQL> select db_magic from v$rlog;

LINEID     DB_MAGIC
---------- -----------
1          -811309012

used time: 1.365(ms). Execute id is 808.

2) 操作数据库的同时备份数据库，备份集为B1。此处以向表中循环插入数据为例操作数据库。

SQL> create table tab_for_recover_01(c1 int);
executed successfully
used time: 22.960(ms). Execute id is 809.
SQL> begin
2   for i in 1 .. 100000 loop
3    insert into tab_for_recover_01 values(i);
4   end loop;
5   commit;
6   end;
7   /
DMSQL executed successfully
used time: 00:00:01.612. Execute id is 810.

插入数据的同时，另外一个会话备份数据库

SQL> backup database full to b1 backupset '/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/backup/b1' device type disk backupinfo 'dameng database full backup online' maxpiecesize 2048;
executed successfully
used time: 00:00:01.920. Execute id is 813.

3) 继续向数据库插入数据一段时间后杀掉服务器，模拟服务器故障。从备份后到服务器故障这段时间的生成的归档称为A1。

SQL> begin
2   for i in 100001 .. 199999 loop
3    insert into tab_for_recover_01 values(i);
4   end loop;
5   commit;
6   end;
7   /
DMSQL executed successfully
used time: 00:00:01.633. Execute id is 814.

[root@shard1 root]# ps -ef | grep dmserver
dmdba     9749     1  1 16:49 ?        00:00:09 /dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/bin/dmserver /dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d1/dm.ini -noconsole
root     13497  9392  0 17:03 pts/11   00:00:00 grep --color=auto dmserver
[root@shard1 root]# kill -9 9749
[root@shard1 root]# ps -ef | grep dmserver
root     13598  9392  0 17:04 pts/11   00:00:00 grep --color=auto dmserver

4) 创建目标库D2，即待还原的库，并配置归档（参考3.1.2小节），归档目录与数据库D1相同。

[dmdba@shard1 data]$ dminit path=/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data db_name=d2 instance_name=d2 port_num=5238 unicode_flag=0
initdb V7.1.6.46-Build(2018.02.08-89107)ENT
db version: 0x7000a
file dm.key not found, use default license!
License will expire on 2020-07-03

 log file path: /dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2/d201.log


 log file path: /dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2/d202.log

write to dir [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2].
create dm database success. 2020-06-19 17:11:54

[root@shard1 root]# ./dm_service_installer.sh -i /dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2/dm.ini -p d2 -t dmserver
ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/DmServiced2.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/DmServiced2.service'
Finished to create the service (DmServiced2)

[root@shard1 root]# service DmServiced2 start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start  DmServiced2.service


[dmdba@shard1 ~]$ disql SYSDBA/SYSDBA@localhost:5238

Server[localhost:5238]:mode is normal, state is open
login used time: 9.862(ms)
disql V7.1.6.46-Build(2018.02.08-89107)ENT
Connected to: DM 7.1.6.46
SQL> alter database mount;
executed successfully
used time: 00:00:01.844. Execute id is 0.
SQL> alter database add archivelog 'dest=/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2_arch,type=local,file_size=256,space_limit=10240';
executed successfully
used time: 40.105(ms). Execute id is 0.
SQL> alter database archivelog;
executed successfully
used time: 31.716(ms). Execute id is 0.
SQL> alter database open;
executed successfully
used time: 675.370(ms). Execute id is 0.

5) 启动DMRMAN工具，利用备份集B1和归档A1恢复数据库D2到D1故障前的状态。

[root@shard1 root]# service DmServiced2 stop
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl stop  DmServiced2.service

RMAN> restore database '/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2/dm.ini' from backupset '/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/backup/b1';
restore database '/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2/dm.ini' from backupset '/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/backup/b1';
file dm.key not found, use default license!
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2] is running...[4].
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2] is running...[3].
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2] is running...[2].
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2] is running...[1].
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2] is running...[0].
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2] is running, write dmrman info.
RESTORE DATABASE  CHECK......
RESTORE DATABASE , dbf collect......
RESTORE DATABASE , dbf refresh ......
RESTORE BACKUPSET [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/backup/b1] START......
total 3 packages processed...
RESTORE DATABASE , UPDATE ctl file......
RESTORE DATABASE , REBUILD key file......
RESTORE DATABASE , CHECK db info......
RESTORE DATABASE , UPDATE db info......
total 4 packages processed!
CMD END.CODE:[0]
restore successfully.
time used: 15382.524(ms)
RMAN> recover database '/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2/dm.ini' with archivedir '/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d1_arch';
recover database '/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2/dm.ini' with archivedir '/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d1_arch';
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2] is running...[4].
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2] is running...[3].
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2] is running...[2].
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2] is running...[1].
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2] is running...[0].
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2] is running, write dmrman info.
EP[0] max_lsn: 134425

total redo pages:32768

EP[0] Recover LSN from 134426 to 235404.
Recover from archive log finished, time used:0.910s.
recover successfully!
time used: 8038.102(ms)

6)启动目标库D2，向数据库中继续插入数据。

[root@shard1 root]# service DmServiced2 start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start  DmServiced2.service


[dmdba@shard1 ~]$ disql SYSDBA/SYSDBA@localhost:5238

Server[localhost:5238]:mode is normal, state is open
login used time: 9.853(ms)
disql V7.1.6.46-Build(2018.02.08-89107)ENT
Connected to: DM 7.1.6.46
SConnected to: DM 7.1.6.46
SQL> select permanent_magic;

LINEID     PERMANENT_MAGIC
---------- ---------------
1          -836921674

used time: 2.479(ms). Execute id is 3.
SQL> select db_magic from v$rlog;

LINEID     DB_MAGIC
---------- -----------
1          1621992964

used time: 1.784(ms). Execute id is 4.

恢复后目标库的db_magic与源库的不一样，因为每次恢复后都会发生改变。

SQL> select count(*) from tab_for_recover_01;

LINEID     COUNT(*)
---------- --------------------
1          199999

used time: 1.256(ms). Execute id is 5.


SQL> begin
2   for i in 200000 .. 300000 loop
3    insert into tab_for_recover_01 values(i);
4   end loop;
5   commit;
6   end;
7   /
DMSQL executed successfully
used time: 00:00:01.274. Execute id is 7.

7) 插入数据一段时间后，杀掉服务器，模拟服务器第二次故障。数据库D2启动到第二次故障之间产生的归档为A2。

SQL> select count(*) from tab_for_recover_01;

LINEID     COUNT(*)
---------- --------------------
1          300000

used time: 0.387(ms). Execute id is 8.

[root@shard1 root]# ps -ef | grep dmserver
dmdba    23093     1  1 17:49 ?        00:00:01 /dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/bin/dmserver /dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2/dm.ini -noconsole
root     23629  9392  0 17:51 pts/11   00:00:00 grep --color=auto dmserver
[root@shard1 root]# kill -9 23093
[root@shard1 root]# ps -ef | grep dmserver
root     23701  9392  0 17:51 pts/11   00:00:00 grep --color=auto dmserver

8) 恢复目标库D2到第一次故障前的状态。恢复一次，目标库的DB_MAGIC都会改变，因此归档A1、A2的DB_MAGIC不同，属于不同的数据库。第一次恢复只能先重做归档A1，即恢复到第一次故障前的状态。

RMAN> restore database '/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2/dm.ini' from backupset '/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/backup/b1';
restore database '/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2/dm.ini' from backupset '/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/backup/b1';
file dm.key not found, use default license!
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2] is running...[4].
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2] is running...[3].
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2] is running...[2].
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2] is running...[1].
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2] is running...[0].
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2] is running, write dmrman info.
RESTORE DATABASE  CHECK......
RESTORE DATABASE , dbf collect......
RESTORE DATABASE , dbf refresh ......
RESTORE BACKUPSET [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/backup/b1] START......
total 3 packages processed...
RESTORE DATABASE , UPDATE ctl file......
RESTORE DATABASE , REBUILD key file......
RESTORE DATABASE , CHECK db info......
RESTORE DATABASE , UPDATE db info......
total 4 packages processed!
CMD END.CODE:[0]
restore successfully.
time used: 13519.050(ms)
RMAN> recover database '/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2/dm.ini' with archivedir '/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d1_arch';
recover database '/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2/dm.ini' with archivedir '/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d1_arch';
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2] is running...[4].
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2] is running...[3].
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2] is running...[2].
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2] is running...[1].
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2] is running...[0].
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2] is running, write dmrman info.
EP[0] max_lsn: 134425

total redo pages:32768

total redo pages:50909


total redo pages:25326


EP[0] Recover LSN from 134426 to 339536.
Recover from archive log finished, time used:1.557s.
recover successfully!
time used: 8040.986(ms)

9) 查看归档A2的DB_MAGIC。

[dmdba@shard1 d2_arch]$ ls -lrt
总用量 12800
-rw-r--r-- 1 dmdba dinstall  13093376 6月  19 17:51 ARCHIVE_LOCAL1_20200619174912579_0.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 dmdba dinstall 268435456 6月  19 17:51 ARCHIVE_LOCAL1_20200619175139125_0.log
[dmdba@shard1 d2_arch]$ dmrachk arch_fil=/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2_arch/ARCHIVE_LOCAL1_20200619174912579_0.log
rachk V7.1.6.46-Build(2018.02.08-89107)ENT
/*******************************************************************/
archive file /dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2_arch/ARCHIVE_LOCAL1_20200619174912579_0.log itemize.
version        : 0x7004
status         : INACTIVE
n_rpags        : 25565
db_magic       : 1621992964
pemnt_magic    : -836921674
arch_lsn       : 339537
arch_seq       : 0
clsn           : 442123
next_seq       : 25564
file len       : 13093376
file free      : 13093376
create time    : 2020-06-19 17:49:12
close time     : 2020-06-19 17:51:39
crc_check      : TRUE
/*******************************************************************/

The SUMMARY(seqno[0]):
total files: 1
okey files: 1
fail file: 0
repeat file: 0

the rachk tool running cost 0.691 ms
[dmdba@shard1 d2_arch]$ dmrachk arch_fil=/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2_arch/ARCHIVE_LOCAL1_20200619175139125_0.log
rachk V7.1.6.46-Build(2018.02.08-89107)ENT
/*******************************************************************/
archive file /dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2_arch/ARCHIVE_LOCAL1_20200619175139125_0.log itemize.
version        : 0x7004
status         : ACTIVE
n_rpags        : 0
db_magic       : 1621992964
pemnt_magic    : -836921674
arch_lsn       : 0
arch_seq       : 0
clsn           : 0
next_seq       : 0
file len       : 268435456
file free      : 4096
create time    : 2020-06-19 17:51:39
close time     : 2020-06-19 17:51:39
crc_check      : TRUE
/*******************************************************************/
check archive file /dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2_arch/ARCHIVE_LOCAL1_20200619175139125_0.log, encounter 1 error, as follow:

the archive file /dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2_arch/ARCHIVE_LOCAL1_20200619175139125_0.log encounter no data.


The SUMMARY(seqno[0]):
total files: 1
okey files: 0
fail file: 1
repeat file: 0

the rachk tool running cost 0.267 ms

10) 修改目标库D2的DB_MAGIC与归档A2一致。若要利用归档恢复，必须保证数据库的DB_MAGIC与归档的DB_MAGIC一致。由步骤8的查询可知，归档A2的DB_MAGIC为1449535319。修改数据库的DB_MAGIC需要修改SYSTEM.DBF和DAMENG_FOR_RES01.log两个文件，步骤如下：
–修改文件SYSTEM.DBF

[dmdba@shard1 d2_arch]$ dmmdf type=1 file=/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2/SYSTEM.DBF
dmmdf V7.1.6.46-Build(2018.02.08-89107)ENT
**********************************************************
1 db_magic=-779140962
2 next_trxid=1127
3 pemnt_magic=-836921674
**********************************************************
Please input which parameter you want to change(1-3), q to quit: 1
Please input new value: 1621992964
**********************************************************
1 db_magic=1621992964
2 next_trxid=1127
3 pemnt_magic=-836921674
**********************************************************
Do you want to save the change to file (y/n): y
Save to file success!

–修改文件d201.log

[dmdba@shard1 d2_arch]$ dmmdf type=2 file=/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2/d201.log
dmmdf V7.1.6.46-Build(2018.02.08-89107)ENT
**********************************************************
1 sig = DMRLOG
2 ver = 7004
3 chksum = 0
4 dbversion = 0x7000a
5 sta = 1
6 n_magic = 14
7 db_magic = -779140962
8 clsn_fil = 0
10 next_seq = 0
11 arch_seq = 0
12 len = 268435456
13 free = 4096
14 clsn = 339536
15 clsn_off = 4096
16 arch_lsn = 0
17 pemnt_magic = -836921674
18 fil_id = 0
19 crc_check = 1
**********************************************************
You can only reset sta(5) or db_magic (7) or clsn (14) or pemnt_magic(17) or fil_id(18).
Please input the num which one you want to change, q to quit: 7
Input the new value: 1621992964
**********************************************************
1 sig = DMRLOG
2 ver = 7004
3 chksum = 0
4 dbversion = 0x7000a
5 sta = 1
6 n_magic = 14
7 db_magic = 1621992964
8 clsn_fil = 0
10 next_seq = 0
11 arch_seq = 0
12 len = 268435456
13 free = 4096
14 clsn = 339536
15 clsn_off = 4096
16 arch_lsn = 0
17 pemnt_magic = -836921674
18 fil_id = 0
19 crc_check = 1
**********************************************************
Do you want to quit and save the change to file (y/n): y
Save to file success!

–修改文件d202.log

[dmdba@shard1 d2_arch]$ dmmdf type=2 file=/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2/d202.log
dmmdf V7.1.6.46-Build(2018.02.08-89107)ENT
**********************************************************
1 sig = DMRLOG
2 ver = 7004
3 chksum = 0
4 dbversion = 0x7000a
5 sta = 0
6 n_magic = 14
7 db_magic = -779140962
8 clsn_fil = 0
10 next_seq = 0
11 arch_seq = 0
12 len = 268435456
13 free = 4096
14 clsn = 0
15 clsn_off = 0
16 arch_lsn = 0
17 pemnt_magic = -836921674
18 fil_id = 1
19 crc_check = 1
**********************************************************
You can only reset sta(5) or db_magic (7) or clsn (14) or pemnt_magic(17) or fil_id(18).
Please input the num which one you want to change, q to quit: 7
Input the new value: 1621992964
**********************************************************
1 sig = DMRLOG
2 ver = 7004
3 chksum = 0
4 dbversion = 0x7000a
5 sta = 0
6 n_magic = 14
7 db_magic = 1621992964
8 clsn_fil = 0
10 next_seq = 0
11 arch_seq = 0
12 len = 268435456
13 free = 4096
14 clsn = 0
15 clsn_off = 0
16 arch_lsn = 0
17 pemnt_magic = -836921674
18 fil_id = 1
19 crc_check = 1
**********************************************************
Do you want to quit and save the change to file (y/n): y
Save to file success!

11) 利用归档A2恢复数据库至第二次故障前的状态。

RMAN> recover database '/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2/dm.ini' with archivedir '/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2_arch';
recover database '/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2/dm.ini' with archivedir '/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2_arch';
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2] is running...[4].
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2] is running...[3].
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2] is running...[2].
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2] is running...[1].
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2] is running...[0].
checking if the database under system path [/dm_home/dmdba/dmdbms/data/d2] is running, write dmrman info.
EP[0] max_lsn: 339536

EP[0] Recover LSN from 339537 to 442123.
Recover from archive log finished, time used:1.077s.
recover successfully!
time used: 8048.396(ms)

12)验证数据

[root@shard1 root]# service DmServiced2 start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start  DmServiced2.service

SQL> select count(*) from tab_for_recover_01;

LINEID     COUNT(*)
---------- --------------------
1          300000

used time: 3.022(ms). Execute id is 3.